中国履行《生物多样性公约》二十年：行动、进展与展望

Actions,progress and prospects in implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity during the past 20 years in China

1992年6月联合国环境与发展大会(UNCED)通过了具有里程碑意义的《生物多样性公约》,至今已经20年。在此期间,中国1993年建立了履行《公约》的国家协调机制,1995-1997年实施了"中国生物多样性国情研究",2007-2010年编制了《中国生物多样性保护国家战略与行动计划》,2011年建立了"中国生物多样性保护国家委员会",并针对《生物多样性公约》的目标,实施了多项生物多样性研究和保护行动,包括森林、草原、荒漠、湿地、海洋等自然生态系统保护;物种资源调查、编目、数据库建设以及珍稀濒危物种保护;外来入侵种防治与转基因生物生态风险评估等。同时,在生物多样性本底查明、监测体系建立、就地保护、遗传资源获取与惠益分享、传统知识的保护与应用等方面还存在很多挑战,为此,本文有针对性地提出了区域生物多样性本底查明、就地保护和遗传资源及相关传统知识获取与惠益分享等未来重点研究方向。

The Convention on Biological Diversity （CBD） was adopted by United Nations Conference of Environment and Development （UNCED） in June 1992 as a milestone event. During the past 20 years, China established the national coordination mechanisms for CBD implementation in 1993, conducted a country study for biodiversity conservation during 1995-1997, formulated China National Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan during 2007-2010, founded the National Committee for Biodiversity Conservation in 2011, and, aiming to CBD＇s objectives, implemented a lot of researches and actions for biodiversity con- servation, including： protection of ecosystems such as forests, grasslands, deserts, wetlands and marine areas; investigations, inventory and databases for species; increased protection of rare and endangered species; con- trol of alien invasive species; and risk assessment for genetically-modified organisms. Challenges to biodi- versity conservation include, establishment of biodiversity monitoring system, in situ conservation, access and benefit sharing of genetic resources, and protection and application of traditional knowledge. Lastly, we ret3ort ootential research topics for biodiversity conservation.