开林窗与封禁对华北落叶松林下植被多样性的影响

Effects of different measures on the species diversity of the undergrowth vegetations of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantation

以木兰林管局典型的华北落叶松林为研究对象,对其采取开林窗、封禁等改造措施,采用样方法进行野外调查,通过丰富度、生态优势度、多样性、均匀度指数,分析不同经营措施下的生物多样性及样地的物种组成。结果表明:开林窗面积中等及较小的样地各生物多样性指数均呈上升趋势,且高于对照,而开林窗面积较大样地的Pielou均匀度指数成降低趋势;封育区的Simpson和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数与均匀度指数均大于对照区,而封育区的Margalef丰富度指数虽然呈上升趋势,但仍小于对照区;该实验区林下植被的优势物种为乌苏里苔草。

This paper studies the typical forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. of Magnolia Forest Management Bureau,by selective cutting gap,banning,and adopting outdoor investigation by quadrat method.Based the richness,ecological dominance,biodiversity and evenness index,the effects of different measures on the species diversity of the undergrowth vegetations of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantation and spot species components are analyzed.The results show that on the plots with medium and smaller canopy gaps,the biodiversity indexes tend to increase,which are higher than that of the control plot.But the Pielou index decreases on the plots with larger canopy gaps.The indexes of Simpson,Shannon-Wiener and Pielou of the banned plot are larger than those of the control plots.Even if the Margalef index of the banned plots increases,it is still smaller than that of the control plot.In this experiment region,Carex ussuriensis is viewed as the dominant species among the undergrowth vegetations of Larix principis-rupprechtii Mayr. plantation.