农村儿童保健系统管理和预防接种情况调查

Investigation on child health care system management and vaccination situations in rural area

目的:了解农村地区儿童保健系统管理和预防接种情况。方法:采取多阶段分层随机抽样方法,通过自行设计的儿童系统管理保健情况和预防接种情况调查表对抽取的样本入户进行定量调查。结果:有45名儿童的母亲在产后有医务人员到家中访视,占91.8%,2人未接受产后访视,还有2人记不清,各占4.1%。平均访视次数为3.2次。产后访视主要由村卫生室医生进行,占88.9%,乡镇卫生院医生访视占8.9%,市县妇幼保健所医生访视占2.2%。97.8%的产后访视在村卫生室和乡镇卫生院进行;受访儿童建卡率100.0%,绝大部分按时接种疫苗。接种中,有97.3%的医务人员告知了孩子家长所接种疫苗的品种、作用原理、禁忌证、不良反应及注意事项,有1.8%的医务人员未告知,还有0.9%的家长不知道医务人员是否告知。结论:调查地区儿童保健管理较系统和全面,预防接种工作开展较好,但仍需要提高乡、村两级医疗机构的应急反应能力与医疗水平。

Objective： To understand child health care system management and vaccination situations in rural area. Methods： Multistage stratified random sampling method and a self - designed questionnaire were used to survey the respondents quantitatively. Results ： The mothers of 45 children were visited by medical workers after delivery, accounting for 91.8% ; two mothers didn1 receive postpartum vis- it, accounting for 4. 1% ; and two mothers couldnt remember the situation, accounting for 4. 1%. The mean times of postpartum visit was 3.2 times. Postpartum visit was conducted by medical workers from village clinics （88. 9% ）, township hospitals （8.9%）, and maternal and child health institutions at city/county level （2. 2% ） . 97. 8% of postpartum visit was carried out in village clinics and township hospi- tals ; 100.0% of the children established cards, most of the children vaccinated regularly. In the course of vaccination, 97.3% of the medi- cal workers told the variety, principle, contraindications, adverse reactions, and matters of vaccine needing attention to the parents; 1.8% of the medical workers didnt inform the parents; and O. 9% of the parents didnt know whether they were informed. Conclusion： Child health care system of investigated area is systematic and comprehensive, and vaccination has achieved the desired effects, but the emergency re- sponse capabilities and medical levels in township hospitals and village clinics should be improved.