优化我国100m跑运动员途中跑步幅结构的实验研究

The Experiment Research of the Step Structure in Stride of 100-Meter Event Chinese Male Athletes

运用对比分析法,对我国优秀男子100m运动员步幅结构进行分析,结果表明:我国男子100m运动员途中跑的步幅结构不合理,支撑阶段的步幅小,腾空阶段步幅过大。主要原因在于:着地距离短,膝关节缓冲幅度小,以及摆动腿摆动的时机晚、摆动慢、摆动幅度小。在保持最大步频的基础上提高步幅,是选择步幅训练手段的重要前提。

Through analyzing the statistics of excellent Chinese athletes in stride phase and comparing them with the excellent ath- lelets abroad, the paper explores why stride of Chinese athelets is comparatively small. Conclusions are drawn as follows： 1. Small stride mainly shows in lift phase. 2. The key reasons are that the distance in touchdown is too short to provide enough room for knee joint to move; swing legs start late, move slowly and extend within a narrow range. 3. In rising phase, Chinese athelets in- crease the rising angle to get a big distance for rising. It has a negative influence on athletes＇ moving in lift phase. The slope over- speed training is the effective means of development step and makes the buffer time significantly shorter; frog stretch distance in- creases significantly. The slope overspeed training makes swing leg swing breadth larger, a smaller hip angle of leave off the- ground, thigh scissors speed increases significantly which is conducive to raising speed of human physical mass centre.