中老年人群跌倒风险与年龄的相关性研究

The relationship between age and the falling risk in the middle-age and elderly population

目的探讨中老年人群跌倒风险与年龄之间的关系。方法选取2008年09月至2010年02月期间在南京市鼓楼医院体检和就诊并初次接受平衡测定的年龄在50～90岁的900人作为研究对象,其中包括男性268名,女性632名,排除对骨代谢有显著影响的病史和药物应用史,所有患者均无活动性的呼吸、消化、心血管、内分泌、免疫、血液系统疾病及骨关节病等。记录患者的出生年月、身高、体重、年龄及既往跌倒和骨折情况,并对相关数据进行统计学分析。结果跌倒风险与年龄存在相关性(r=0.013-0.567,P<0.05);按跌倒指数(FI)比较发现随跌倒风险增高,年龄呈递增趋势,存在统计学差异;回顾既往跌倒史和骨折史发现,两者之间存在显著关联,有跌倒史和骨折史者平均年龄、跌倒指数(FI)均显著高于对照组;骨折史与年龄、FI、跌倒史呈正显著相关。结论跌倒风险受到人群年龄、体重、BMI、骨量等多因素影响,其中年龄对跌倒风险的影响最为显著;跌倒风险的增加与骨折发生率的升高密切相关,可以将其作为骨折风险的一项独立预测因素,对骨折进行有效预测和早期干预。

Objective To explore the relationship between age and the falling risk in the middle-age and elderly population. Methods Nine hundred 50 - 90 years old patients examined and treated in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital from September 2008 to February 2010 were chosen as the research subjects, including 268 males and 632 females. The patients with bone metabolism diseases and drug history were excluded. All patients had no active diseases in respiratory, digestive, cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, blood, and bone and joint systems. The date of birth, height, weight, age, and previous falls and fractures were recorded. All data were analyzed statistically. Results The falling risk was associated with age （ r = 0. 013 -0. 567, P 〈 0. 05 ）. According to the results of falling index （PI） , age increased along with the increasing of falling risk, and the difference was statistically significant. The previous falling and fracture history were retrospectively reviewed. The results showed that the previous falling and fracture history was associated with age. The average age and PI of patients with falling and fracture history were higher than those of the control patients. The fracture history was positively associated with age, FI, and falling history. Conclusion The increasing of falling risk is affected by age, height, BMI, and bone mass. The effect of age on the falling risk is most significant. The increase of falling risk is associated with the fracture. The falling risk can be an independent predictive factor for fracture risk to predict the fracture effectively, and to prevent it in the early stage.