乾隆十一年福安教案述論——以巴黎外方傳教會中文檔案爲中心展開

Catholic Persecution in Fu'an in the 11th Year during the Reign of Emperor Qianlong: Based on Chinese Documents of M.E.P.

福安是明清時期中國天主教最爲發達的地區之一,也是教案頻發之地,而清乾隆十一年爆發的福安教案在中國傳教史上極具影響力。它不僅是中國天主教傳教史上第一次流血的教案,而且還促成了嘉道時期清政府在立法中訂立了對西洋人治罪的律令專條。這對中國天主教的正常傳播與發展産生了根本性的影響。以往對此事件研究者雖多,但由於資料、檔案屢屢披露發現,故以往成果多有偏頗。本文竭力綜合各類中西原始檔案,深挖全案的過程、原因及影響,以圖超邁。

Through Ming and Qing dynasties, Fu'an was one of the regions where Catholic communities were mostly prosperous while persecutions occurred most frequently in China. The persecution, which broke out in Fu'an during the 11th year of the reign period of Qianlong, was quite significant. Not only it is the first bloody case in Chinese catholic history, but also, it contributes to the edicts made during the reign of Emperors Jiaqing and Daoguang, which is about the punishment on foreigners. This persecution has a fundamental influence on the normal development of Chinese Catholic. Though there are many studies on this event, however, with the continuing discovery of sources and documents, the existing research achievements seem incomplete and limited. Based on various original documents in Chinese and western languages, this article intends to present a deeper and thorough study on the whole story, its causes and influence.