人参皂苷和丹参注射液对犬食管大剂量辐射损伤的影响

Effects of Ginsenosides and Salviae Miltiorrhizae on Canine Esophagus after Intrathoracic 20 Gy Electron Beam Radiation

目的:研究人参皂苷和丹参注射液对对一次性大剂量高能电子线照射的犬食管的辐射保护作用,寻找高效低毒的正常组织辐射保护剂。方法:选择12只健康杂种犬,随机分为3组,每组4只,全麻状态下实施开胸手术,并给予高能电子线20 GY局部一次性照射肺门。药物治疗组开胸照射前分别给予人参皂苷腹腔内注射(25mg/kg体重)及丹参注射液静脉注射(0.5mL/kg体重)。照射前、照射后3天、1周及2周测定外周血循环内皮细胞数量,进行硬质食管内窥镜观察食管黏膜改变并活检,同时用激光多普勒血流仪(LDF)测定食管黏膜微血流。术后第15天处死犬,对照射段食管进行常规光镜及电镜检查。结果:单纯开胸照射犬:体重,术前(17.4±0.7)kg,术后(14.4±0.7)kg;LDF值,术前52.4±11.1,术后3天64.9±11.2,术后2周43.8±9.1,CEC,术前0～1,术后2周10±1.83,血管染色,黏膜下微血管10μm,周围散在红细胞,血管染色深。光镜检查发现黏膜糜烂、充血、部分脱失。电镜下细胞器肿胀明显,线粒体空泡化,内质网脱颗粒。人参皂苷组犬,体重,术前(17.3±0.8)kg,术后(18.4±0.6)kg LDF值,术前50.1±10.5,术后3天45.6±5.7,术后2周47.4±7.4;CEC计数,术前0.25±0.5,术后2周3±0.96;黏膜下微血管管径,术前4～6μm,术后8μm,光镜下细胞结构改变轻微,电镜检查发现内皮细胞细胞器改变,但较对照组明显减轻。丹参组犬,上达各项指标与对照组相似。结论:提前给予人参皂苷能够减轻大剂量高能电子线辐射对犬食管的损伤,丹参注射液未观察到相似作用。

Objectives： To observe the effects of Ginsenosides and Salviae Mihiorrhizae on canine esophagus after in- trathoracic 20 Gy electron beam radiation. Methods： 12 healthy mongrel dogs were randomly divided into three groups with 4 in each group. A single dose of 20Gy electronic beam radiation was given to the mid segment of the esophagus. Before the intrathoracic radiation, Ginsenosides solution （25mg/kg body weight） was injected intra-peritoneally 6 hours and 30 minutes in one group and Salviae Mihiorrhizae administered intravenously in the same manner in the second group and the third group received no medications. The dogs were sacrificed on 15th day after the radiation for pathological ex- amination. Results ： Dogs in control group showed delayed recovery, body weight changed from （ 17.4 ＋ 0.7） kg to （ 14.4 ~0.7）kg on day14, LDFvalue from 52.4~11.1 on day0 to 64.9 ~11.2 on day 3, 47.4~7.4 on day 14. CEC count changed from 0.25 ~ 0.5 on day 0 to 10 ~ 1.83 on day 14; blood vascular size 101.~m, with surrounding scattered blood red cells. HE staining showed esophageal mucosa had erosion and blood congestion, microvasculature much dilat- ed. Electron microscopic examination found membranal organells swelling such as loss of parallel arrays of endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolation and loss of ribosomal particles, swelling of mitochondria, phagosomes containing membranous structures. Ginsenosides group showed that bodyweight from 17.3 ~ 0.8kg on day 0 to 18.4 ~ 0.6kg on day 14, LDF val- ue 50.1 ~ 10.5 on day 0, 45.6 ~5.7 on day 3, 47.4 ___7.4 on day 14, CEC count 0.25 ~0.5 on day 0, 3 ~0.96 on day 14, vascular size 4 ~ 61xm on day 0, 81xm on day 14. HE staining and electronic microscopic examination showed significantly less damage than control group. Salviae Miltiorrhizae showed similar changes as control group. Conclusion： Advance administration of Ginsenosides will significantly alleviate the damage of the esophagus receiving a single large dose EB radiation.