国家、市场与社会政策:中国社会政策发展历程的反思与前瞻

State,Market and Social Policy:Reflection and Prospect of Development Process of Social Policy in China

如何处理国家与市场的关系,界定国家、市场在社会福利供给中的角色,是社会政策发展中的核心问题。以此为视角考察新中国社会政策的发展演变,大致可将其分为三大阶段,即国家统揽型社会政策时期、市场主导型社会政策时期及国家主导型社会政策时期。国家统揽型社会政策将国家视为社会政策的唯一主体,完全排斥市场的作用;在市场主导型社会政策时期,国家大幅度退出社会福利领域,市场成为社会福利的主要提供者;国家主导型社会政策注重借鉴当代国际社会政策理论与实践的最新成果,强调国家在社会福利方面的基本职责,同时借助市场机制的作用,并注重发挥社会、社区、家庭乃至个人等各方面的力量,以实现国民社会福利的最大化。新世纪初以来,在实施科学发展观、加强社会建设等重大战略举措的背景下,这种新型社会政策已经曙光初现,但其发展完善仍然任重道远。

How to deal with the relationship between state and market, to define their role in the supply of social welfare is a core issue in the development of social policy. From the perspective of state and market, the evolution of China＇ s social policy can be roughly divided into three stages： state overall social policy period, market- oriented social policy period and state -oriented period. In the state overall social policy period, state is the only subject and market is completely excluded. In period of market -oriented social policy, state substantially exits the field of social welfare and market has become the main provider of social welfare. State - oriented social policy pays attention to draw lessons from the latest theory and practice achievements of contemporary international social policy, emphasizes the basic responsibility of the state in social welfare, while makes use of market mechanism, and pays attention to play all forces of society, communities, families and even individual to maximize national social welfare. Since the beginning of the new century, in the context of the major strategic initiatives such as the implementation of Scientific Development and strengthening the society construction, this new type of social policy has been in sight, but its development and improvement still has a long way to go.