20世纪西欧社会主义运动的三次修正主义浪潮——兼论马克思主义的历史命运和对左翼政治的启示

Three Revisionist Waves of Western European Socialist Movement in 20th Century——On the Fate of Marxism and Its Revelation to Political Left

20世纪西欧左翼的社会主义政治史历经了三次大的修正主义浪潮,导致对马克思主义理论原则的彻底否弃。最终的结果是,当马克思主义的理论元素被修正主义全面取代时,西欧社会主义也就丧失了自身的理论辩护力和左翼立场,沦为与自由主义合流的修正主义思潮。回顾和反思这段历史,可以得知,社会主义和共产主义等左翼运动,作为以自由和人类解放为己任的现代性的政治实践,有着自身不可或缺的正当性尺度和理论辩护的基础。当这一基础为修正主义所否弃时,左翼也就丧失了它自身的基础、可能性与价值。

In the history of Western European Socialist Movement, there have been three high Revisionist waves during 20th century, which led it to give up Marxist theorem thoroughly. During the history of Revisionism and its＇ late replacement of Marxism, Western European Socialist Movement has become to lose the theoretical justification capacity and political criterion of its left standpoint, and degenerate itself into radical liberalism. Reviewing the history of Revisionism, we ought to know, Left Wing, like modern socialist or communist movement, as the historical and political practice with its own justification of human liberty and emancipation from alienated modernity, has its own theoretical justification or criterion as its indispensable basis. If this basis was revised or replaced, Left Movement would lose the possi- bilities and political values of its own.