从“家族”走向“中产阶层”——上海城市社会史视野中的张爱玲

From Clan to Middle Class:Reading Eileen Chang from the Perspective of Shanghai Urban Social History

张爱玲是一位最难将其置于"国家政治地图"上来加以辨识的作家,她的历史经纬只在一座城市。借助上海中产阶层的"社会地利",张氏在这座市声喧哗的城市里,为自己营构了一种"于其中但隔其外"的生活形态和心理位置。她将一种最富象征意义的"都市人"——身心俱在城市化过程的中产阶层作为凝眸对象,并经其心理轨迹,触及了中国"现代性"的两个核心问题:社会"合理化"过程中的人性归宿和中西文化调适,并描绘出传统中国在都会上海的一种变易图式——从"家族"走向城市中产阶层。

Eileen Chang, famous for her fiction writing focusing on urban everyday life, is consid- ered more identifiable against a single city rather than a nation＇ s politics. With the rise of the middle class in metropolitan Shanghai, Chang constructed herself a kind of unique life ideology and psychological position noted as ＂Into the Life but Beyond It＂. Hence, Chang~ portrayal of the Shanghai middle class, rich with symbolism in the urbanization process, addressed two essential issues in Chinese modernity： the destiny of humanity and the mutual adaptation between Chinese culture and western culture in the process of societal rationalization. In addition, she also depicted traditional China＇ s new direction in Shanghai： a transition from the clan to the new urban middle class.