民办高等教育的国家政策姿态:计划、市场与分化

Chinese National Policy Posture toward Non-governmental Higher Education:Central Planning,Market Competitive and Differentiation

利用自由放任、中央计划和市场竞争这三个政治经济学中用于描述政策姿态的概念,分析我国从改革开放初期到目前针对民办高等教育的国家政策姿态的特征和分化。在民办高等教育发展的初期阶段,国家对其采取自由放任的政策姿态。随着不规范办学行为的出现,政府开始采取中央计划的政策姿态,通过法令条例等对民办高校的行为进行严格管理。近年来,市场竞争元素开始出现在国家政策中,为民办高校,特别是达到半精英状态的民办高校与公立高校公平竞争从而争取更多资源提供更多的机会。类似的发展规律也出现在对独立学院的政策姿态变化中。

This paper analyzes the policy posture that the Chinese national government takes toward non-governmental higher education sector using three broad concepts from political economy, laissez-faire, central planning, and market competitive. At the beginning of the reemergence of non-governmental higher education in China, the national government took a laissez-faire policy posture. Later, facing the problems happened, the government started to take central planning posture which relies on mandates and regulations to direct non-governmental institutions of higher learning. Recently, some market competitive elements have been added into the policy process, providing more open opportunities for non-governmental institutions of higher learning, especially those that have reached semi-elite status, to compete with their public counterparts. Similar changes have also been happening to national policies toward independent colleges, a special type of non-governmental institutions of higher learning that involves publie private partnership.