四周有氧耐力训练结合饮食控制对超重和肥胖青少年Android与Gynoid区域脂肪含量的影响

The Changes in Android and Gynoid Fat after 4-week Aerobic Training and Calorie Restriction in Overweight and Obese Adolescents

目的：探讨四周有氧耐力训练结合饮食控制对超重和肥胖青少年android和gynoid区域脂肪含量的影响。方法：世居平原的超重或肥胖青少年18人，男女各9人，身体健康。实验持续四周．期间合理控制饮食。进行每周运动6天、每天5小时左右的有氧耐力运动。运动中，每隔10分钟监测心率，评价并控制运动强度在靶心率范围内。运动靶心率范围根据Karvonen方程确定：靶心率范围=静息心率＋心率储备×（20％～40％）。分别于实验前后以双能X射线吸收法测量身体成分．android、gynoid区域由计算机自动识别。结果：（1）与实验前比较，实验后android和gynoid区域脂肪质量及脂肪占android、gynoid区域质量百分比均显著下降（P〈0．01）；（2）实验后android区域脂肪质量下降幅度显著高于gynoid区域（17．45％±6．19％vs13．60％±2．65％。P〈0．05）．但分性别比较发现：女性差异不显著（14．63％±5．85％VS12．85％±2．07％，P〉0．05）．男性差异显著（20．26％±5．43％VS14．36％±3．06％，P〈0．05）。（3）男性android区域脂肪质量下降幅度显著高于女性（20．26％±5．43％VS14．63％±5．85％，P〈0．05）；男性gynoid区域也高于女性。但差异不显著（14．36％±3．06％VS12．85％±2，07％，P〉0．05）。（4）与实验前比较，实验后android和gynoid区域总质量均显著降低（P〈0．01）：gynoid区域总质量减少量显著高于android区域，但gynoid区域下降幅度显著低于android区域（8．91％±2．17％V812．77％±3．94％，P〈0．01）。（5）男性android区域脂肪减少量占总质量减少量百分比显著高于gynoid区域（75．9％±11．15％VS63．47％±8．2％。P〈0．05）：女性相反但无显著差异（65．61％±11．68％VS73．87％±14．19％，P〉0．05）。结论：四周有氧耐力训练结合饮食控制可有效降低超重和肥胖青少年android、gynoid区域总质量和脂肪质量．脂肪减少量约占各区域总质量减少量的70％；android区域减脂效果优于gynoid区域；男性android区域减脂效果好于女性。

Purpose To examine the changes in android and gynoid fats after 4-week aerobic training and calorie restriction in overweight and obese adolescents. Methods Eighteen young healthy teenagers （9 boys and 9 girls）, completed this 4-week intervention. During the intervention,they were on diet and training（5 h/d,6 d/wk） at low aerobic intensity through HR monitoring every 10 minutes during the training. The target HR was set in accordance to Karvonen equation [rest HR ＋ HR reserve ×（20%- 40%）]. Android and gynoid fats were measured by dual energy X-ray week intervention. Results （1）Total mass,fat mass and the percentage of fat mass of android and gynoid region decreased significantly after 4-week intervention （P 〈 0.01 ）. （2）The descent rate of android fat mass in total was greater than that in gynoid region （17.45%±6.19% vs 13.60%±2.65% ,P 〈 0.05）. The descent rate of android fat mass after intervention in boys was significantly higher than that of gynoid fat mass （20.26% vs 14.36% ,P 〈 0.05）,while there was no statistical difference in girls （14.63% vs 12.85% ,P 〉 0.05）. （3）The decreasing range of android fat mass in boys was obviously greater than that in girls（20.26%±5.43% vs 14.63%±5.85% ,P 〈 0.05）. （4）The amount of gynoid mass loss after intervention was much greater than that of android,while the decreased amplitude of gynoid mass was significantly less than that of android （8.91%±2.17% vs 12.77%±3.94%,P 〈 0.01）.（5）The percent of fat loss vs total mass loss in android region was significantly greater than that in gynoid region in boys （75.9%± 11.15% vs 63.47%±8.2% ,P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion Four-week aerobic training and calorie restriction reduced both total mass and fat mass in android and gynoid regions efficiently. Boys lost more fat than girls in android region.