松杉灵芝增强记忆活性成分的研究

A study on enhancing memory activity constituents from Ganoderma tsugae

以松杉灵芝Ganodermatsugae子实体为材料,测定其提取物的增强记忆活性能力。利用避暗实验、测定胆碱乙酰转移酶(ChAT)、乙酰胆碱酯酶(AchE)和乙酰胆碱(ACh)的含量及制备脑组织细胞HE染色切片的方法,对松杉灵芝的石油醚提取液、氯仿提取液、甲醇提取液、水提取液及从石油醚提取液中分离得到的化合物1-羟基-3-甲基-9,10-蒽醌的增强记忆活性能力进行研究。结果表明,与模型组比较,甲醇高剂量组、氯仿高剂量组、水层高剂量组、脑复康组和1-羟基-3-甲基-9,10-蒽醌高剂量组的潜伏期明显延长。氯仿高剂量组、水层高剂量组和1-羟基-3-甲基-9,10-蒽醌高剂量组不仅能够降低AchE的活性,而且能够增强ChAT和Ach的活性,其中1-羟基-3-甲基-9,10-蒽醌3个指标的活性效果最好。经水层、甲醇层处理的HE染色切片中,小鼠脑神经细胞数量较多,接近青年组空白组,神经细胞球状,染色效果明显;老年组和老年对照组小鼠神经细胞近锥形,神经细胞的数量较少。小鼠记忆实验综合结果说明,1-羟基-3-甲基-9,10-蒽醌和水层均具有提高小鼠学习记忆活性的作用。

The latent period experiment, the determination of ChAT （choline acetyltransferase）, AchE （acetylcholinesterase）, and ACh （acetylcholine）, and the preparation of brain tissue slice were used to study capability of enhancing memory activity of mice induced by petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract, methanol extract and water extract of Ganoderma tsugae fruit body and 1-hydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione obtained from petroleum ether extract. The results showed that the latent period of high dose methanol extract treatment group, high dose water extract treatment group, high dose chloroform extract treatment group, piracetam treatment group and 1-hydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione treatment group were significantly different as compared with the group of pathological model. These groups not only could reduce AchE activity, but also could enhance the ChAT and Ach activity, and 1-hydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione had the best effect. The number of nerve cells for water extract treatment group and methanol extract treatment group were significantly increased, approach the youth group. The nerve cells were sphere and had obvious leveling effect. The nerve cells of aged group and model control group were coniform, comparison with the water extract treatment group and methanol extract treatment group, the number of nerve cells of aged group were significantly decrease. Enhancing memory activity experiment results showed that 1-hydroxy-3-methylanthracene-9,10-dione treatment group and water extract treatment group had excellent enhancing memory activity effect.