狭眼凤尾蕨配子体发育及其成精子囊素对水蕨配子体发育的影响

Gametophyte Development of Pteris biaurita and Effects of Its Antheridiogen on the Gametophyte Development of Ceratopteris thalictroides

对狭眼凤尾蕨(Pteris biaurita)配子体发育特征及其外源成精子囊素对模式植物水蕨(Ceratopteris thalic-troides)在黑暗和光照条件下孢子萌发和配子体发育的影响进行了研究。结果表明:(1)狭眼凤尾蕨孢子深褐色,三裂缝,孢子萌发为书带蕨型,原叶体发育为水蕨型,无毛状体产生;培养发现,其配子体能产生精子器,但不产生颈卵器,当接种密度适中时,可进行无配子生殖。(2)在光照和黑暗条件下狭眼凤尾蕨成精子囊素有促进和抑制水蕨孢子萌发的作用,但效果均不显著。(3)在光照条件下,狭眼凤尾蕨成精子囊素可以延迟水蕨心脏形配子体分生组织缺刻的形成,但对其配子体形态和性别分化无明显影响;而在黑暗条件下狭眼凤尾蕨成精囊素对水蕨长条形配子体的形态发育具有一定影响,与对照组相比其顶端分生组织发达,整体呈长楔形,对性别分化影响不显著。可见,狭眼凤尾蕨和水蕨不具有同种成精子囊素系统。

The gametophyte development of the fern Pteris biaurita and the effects of antheridiogen secreted by the mature gametophyte of P. biaurita on the spore germination and gametophyte development of Ceratopteris thalictroides in darkness and light conditions were investigated. The results indicated： （ 1 ） The spores are dark brown, trilete. The spore germination is of the Vittaria type. The pattern of the prothallial development belongs to the Ceratopteris type. No trichome is produced during the gametophyte development. It is discovered that the gametophytes of P. biaurita can produce antheridia but can not produce archegonia in any cultural conditions. When the sowing density was appropriate, apogamous reproduction occurred in the mature gametophyte. （2） In light condition, the antheridiogen of P. biaurita could promote the spore germination of Ceratopteris, but in dark condition, the antheridiogen inhibited the spore germination of Ceratopteris. However, the effect of either promotion or inhibition was not significant. （3） In light condition, the antheridiogen of P. biaurita could delay the formation of the notch of gametophyte （ i. e. the meristem） of Ceratopteris. However, it had no significant effect on the morphology and sex differentiation of gametophyte. In dark condition, the antheridiogen of P. biaurita exhibited significant effects on the morphological development of Ceratopteris. The gametophyte of Ceratopteris in the dark condition produced well developed meristem in contrast to the control materials. However, it exhibited no significant effect on the sex differentiation of gametophyte of Ceratopteris. It can be concluded that the antheridiogen system in the fern P. biaurita may greatly differs from that in the fern Ceratopteris.