基于有限元的轴类件浮动模局部成形新工艺

New technological investigation of shaft part local forming by floating die based on finite element method

轴类件局部成形是节材、高效的精密塑性成形新工艺。在细长杆形坯料的局部成形工艺技术中,顶镦工艺应用最为广泛。当锻件变形长径比ψ>2.5时,通过一次顶镦工步完成将产生折叠,需要多次顶镦工步完成工件的成形。基于此,文章提出采用将自由镦粗、挤压、闭式模锻工艺相结合的轴类件局部成形新工艺——浮动模局部成形工艺,可避免细长杆局部镦粗工艺中的弯曲折叠,并减少成形件表面的拉应力。采用浮动模局部成形工艺可实现细长杆坯料变形长径比ψ>4的一次成形,解决了现有工艺中的一系列难题,为细长杆坯料局部精密成形提供了新的途径。

Shaft part local forming is a material-saving and efficient precision plastic forming process.At present,upsetting process is used widely with regard to local forming of the slender rod-shaped blank.For forging deformation ratio of length to diameter ψ2.5,the fittings are prone to fold by one upsetting process step,and need multiple top-upsetting process steps to complete the workpiece.Based on this,this paper first proposed a new technology called local forming process of floating die combining free upsetting,extrusion and closed die forging,which could avoid part bending fold and reduce tensile stress on forming surface.The local forming process of floating die achieved the slender rod-shaped deformation ratio length ψ4 with one-heating forming.Thus a series of issues in the existing process could be solved and also a new way for the local precision forming of the slender rod-shaped blank was derived.