不同畦长灌溉对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响

Effects of field border length for irrigation on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat

在2009—2010和2010—2011年小麦生长季,设置10、20、40、60、80和100m 6个畦田长度,研究不同畦长对小麦耗水特性及产量的影响.结果表明:≤80m畦长处理下,随畦长的增加,灌水量逐渐增加,灌水量占总耗水量的比例增加,土壤贮水消耗量减少,小麦拔节至开花期的耗水量和生长季总耗水量均减少,开花期0～200cm各土层土壤含水量增加,土壤供水能力提高,籽粒产量和水分利用效率逐渐提高.与80m畦长处理相比,<80m畦长处理的灌水量少,上层土壤含水量低,促使小麦吸收更多的深层贮水,总耗水量增加,不利于节水;而100m畦长处理的灌水量、土壤贮水消耗量和总耗水量均增加,由于一次性灌水量过多且灌溉水分布不均匀,导致小麦千粒重降低,籽粒产量和水分利用效率显著下降,也不利于节水高产.

In the wheat growth seasons of 2009-2010 and 2010-2011,six border lengths of 10,20,40,60,80 and 100 m were installed in a wheat field to study the effects of different border lengths for irrigation on the water consumption characteristics and grain yield of wheat.The results showed that with the increasing border length from 10 to 80 m,the irrigation amount and the proportion of irrigation amount to total water consumption amount,the water content in 0-200 cm soil layers and the soil water supply capacity at anthesis stage,as well as the wheat grain yield and water use efficiency increased,while the soil water consumption amount and the water consumption amount of wheat from jointing to anthesis stages as well as the total water consumption amount decreased.At the border length of 〈80 m,the irrigation amount was smaller,and the water content in upper soil layers was lower,as compared with those at the border length of 80 m,which led to the wheat to absorb more water from deeper soil layers,and thus,the total water consumption increased.At the border length of 100 m,the irrigation amount,soil water consumption amount,and total water consumption amount all increased,and,due to the excessive irrigation amount and the uneven distribution of irrigation water when irrigated once,the 1000-grain mass,grain yield,and water use efficiency decreased significantly,which was not conductive to the water-saving and high-yield cultivation.