动物传播者对植物更新的促进与限制

Facilitation and limitation on plant recruitment by animal dispersers

在动物-植物的关系网络中,传播者对植物更新具有促进与限制两方面作用.本文从种群尺度总结了传播者取食、空间利用等行为对植物更新的影响;从群落尺度分析了多种传播者传播有效性对植物更新的促进与限制.传播者对食物的处理方式决定了种子的命运,且具有明显的种间差异;植物在传播者食谱中的地位亦决定其更新的成败,成为动物偏好的食物可助其摆脱森林破碎化等不利事件的影响.动物的空间行为可导致种子命运发生改变.传播者移动距离能否逃逸同种成树对种子的距离限制,影响种子的更新命运;动物偏好的适宜生境与适于植物萌发生境的空间一致性程度影响传播者传播的成效.有效传播者的非冗余性促使种子传播网络更稳定,利于植物更新;无效传播直接限制植物更新,但为其他植物定殖提供了可用空间.今后应将传播者行为融入植物种群更新研究,而从生态系统服务角度揭示传播者在植被恢复的作用应是未来恢复生态学研究的重点.

In plant-animal network,seed dispersers play both facilitation and limitation roles on plant recruitment.This paper summarized the effects of the dispersers foraging and spatial utilization behaviors on plant recruitment at population level,and analyzed the dispersal effectiveness of the dispersers in the facilitation and limitation on plant recruitment at community level.Different food-treating behaviors of animal dispersers have decisive role on the fate of seeds,and the seed fate has interspecific difference.The role of plants in animal dietary also determines the plants recruitment fate.When preferred by animal dispersers,the seeds can escape the impact of forest fragmentation.The spatial behavior of the dispersers can cause seed fate change.Whether the dispersers’ movement distance can escape the distance limitation of conspecific adults determines the seed recruitment.The spatial concordance between the animal suitable habitat and the plant recruitment habitat directly affects the dispersal efficiency.The non-redundancy of effective dispersers not only leads the seed dispersal network to be more stable,but also benefits plant recruitment.Ineffective dispersal of the dispersers limits plant recruitment,but supplies suitable chance for other plants colonization.Future researches should incorporate the animal behavior in plant recruitment researches,and to explore the roles of animal dispersers in vegetation recovery from the aspect of ecosystem service should be the focus in the study of restoration ecology.