艰难梭菌感染实验室诊断方法的研究进展

Progress of laboratory diagnostic methods of Clostridium difficile infection

艰难梭菌是一种专性厌氧革兰阳性芽孢杆菌，一般认为是环境和人类肠道中的正常菌群。长期应用抗生素、免疫抑制剂或化疗药物使耐药的艰难梭菌产毒株过度繁殖并释放毒素是导致艰难梭菌相关性腹泻（CDAD）的主要因素。CDAD的发病率在全球范围内不断上升，尤其是高产毒株在北美地区引起了医院内的暴发流行，引起了世界范围的关注。在此对艰难梭菌的致病机制和实验室诊断方法的研究进展进行阐述，为CDAD的早期诊断和治疗提供新思路。

Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, anaerobic spore-forming bacillus commonly found in the environment and human gut. Excessive use of antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents and chemotherapy drugs may lead to overgrowth of the toxic strain of Clostridium dofieile with high resistance, which are supposed to be the major contributing factors leading to Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea（CDAD）. The globally increasing incidence of CDAD, especially the outbreak of nosocomial infection caused by the hypervirulent strain in North America, arouse worldwide attention. For providing new ideas to the early diagnosis and treatment of CDAD, this review summarize the latest development on pathogenesis and rapid laboratory diagnosis of Clostridittm difficile.