耐高温采油微生物的研究与应用

Study and application of endurant high temperature bacteria

介绍了耐高温采油微生物菌种的筛选方法和培养基配方。在高温条件下对菌种4个方面的性能进行了评价：①生长性能：恒温水浴振荡接种量为5％的培养液，5d后菌浓度增加了一个数量级；②代谢性能：分析了菌作用油后的发酵液中的代谢产物。表面活性剂类型为多元酮，浓度为0．33％～0.64％；混合气体的主要成分是CH4和CO2，每100mL产气量为9～16mL，有机酸含量为0．16％～0．24％；③改善原油性质：菌作用后油的蜡胶含量下降，油的降黏率为28．90～66．2％；④非均质岩心菌液驱油物理模拟实验结果表明，菌液驱油效率较水驱平均提高5．4％。实验分析了影响菌作用原油效果的主要因素，包括菌和酵母粉浓度、配制培养基所用水的矿化度和酸碱度；对比了烃和糖蜜培养基作用原油的效果和不同性能菌的复配效果。矿场试验中提出了实际菌用量的计算方法，并进行了应用。矿场15口井的试验结果表明，成功率69．2％，平均每吨菌液增油145．1t。图3表1参5（冯庆贤摘）

The method of screening bacteria of endurant high temperatur and the formulation of culture are introducal in the paper. 4 properties of bacteria are evaluated at high temperature:①accretion: oscillating the mixture of bacteria and culture which inoculation at 5% in constant tempeature water bath, the result shaws: one order increase of the concentration of bactcha; ②metabolism: the type/quantity of metabolized material are analzed, they are mixture gases (their main compoents are CH4 and CO2, 9-16mL gases per 100mL culture), surfactant and organic acid (0. 16 % - 0. 24 % ); ③improving oil properties:conentration of paraffin and gum decreases, the viscosity reducing ratio of oil is 28. 9 % - 66. 2 %; and ④ high oil displacementefficiency: microbial flooding on heterogeneous cores at laboratory shows that 5. 4 % (OOIP) recovery is higher in average than water flooding. Main factors influencing the effectiveness of microbial flooding are also analyzed in experiment, which include the concentration of bacteria and yeast extract, acidity and alkalinity in culture and salinity of water. A method for calculating the quantity of bacteria used in oil well is presented and applied in the pilot test. The test results show: success ratio is 69.2%, and 145. 1 t of oil is increased by injecting 1 m3 of fermentative bacteria.