手术室护士锐器伤害现状及上报情况调查

Survey on the status of sharp injuries among operating room nurses and its report

目的了解手术室锐器意外伤的发生状况及上报处理情况并进行原因分析,为提出应对措施提供依据。方法 2012年4月采用自编问卷调查泰安市5家医院手术室176名护士的锐器意外伤的情况及锐器伤后的上报制度执行及处理情况和原因。结果锐器意外伤发生率100%,针刺伤占66.48%,主要是手术缝针和注射器针头刺伤;接触血液、体液污染的占76.14%,被污染后采取正确处理方式的仅有46人(34.33%);不同工作年限、职称、学历的护理人员遭受锐器意外伤的人数差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),发生锐器伤后上报医院的例数仅占38.64%,不愿上报的主要原因是报告程序繁琐,其次是太忙没有时间报告;85.23%的护士认为获得防护知识的途径主要是临床工作实践。结论手术室护士发生锐器意外伤害率高,发生伤害后上报情况及采取的防护措施情况不容乐观,防护知识的获得途径主要是临床实践。提示医院应建立完善有效的锐器伤报告反馈系统,加强手术室护士职业防护培训,保障职业安全。

Objective To have a understanding of the status of sharp injuries among operating room nurses and its report and to make an analysis on the causative factors, so as to provide a reference for response measures. Methods A ques- tionnaire survey was carried out in 176 operating room nurses from 5 hospitals for whether unexpected sharp injuries were dealt with immediately and reported to the higher authorities. Results The incidence of unexpected sharp injuries was 100%, in which, needlestick injuries accounted for 66.48%, mainly due to surgical needles and syringe needles ; 76. 14% of individuals were contaminated by blood or other body fluids while only 46 of them （34.33%） were treated proper- ly. The incidence of unexpected sharp injuries was significantly different among nurses with different work experience, job titles and qualifications （P 〈 0.05 ）. Only 38.64% of sharps injuries were reported to the hospital. The reason that nurses were reluctant to report was that reporting procedures were too cumbersome and they were too busy; 85.34% of the nurses thought that clinical practice was the main route for them to obtain knowledge of protection. Conclusions The incidence of unexpected sharp injuries of operating room is very high. It is not optimistic to report and take necessary protective measures against injuries, and clinical practice is the main route for nurses to obtain knowledge of protection. It is recommended that an effective feedback system for sharp injury report should be established in hospitals and education on vocational protection strengthened among the operating room nurses for their safety.