权利外观保护理论及其在我国民法典中的设计

The Protection Theory of Rights Appearance and Its Design in the Future Civil Code

权利外观保护理论产生于近代民法向现代民法转向过程中。现代民法应将其作为一项重要原则来对待,其构成中的共性因素包括事实上之外观、善意、实施交易法律行为,而"本人与因"只宜作为具体规则设计时可酌情考量的个性因素。我国未来民法典应在总则部分规定权利外观保护的一般条款,建议表述为:"第三人合理信赖权利外观而与非真实权利人为法律行为时,其依据该法律行为所取得的权利应当受到保护,但法律另有规定的除外。"该条款适用中应遵循穷尽原则,并关注其配套机制的构建和运用。

he origins of protection theory of rights appearance shall be traced back to the process of transference from resent civil law to modern civil law. It shall be a principle rather than institutional. The common factors in the structure of it include the appearance in fact, good will and implementing the legal act. However, the reason owing to original rights person may only be taken into consideration while in designing specific rules. The general provision of this theory should be stipulated in the general part of Civil Code, which may be expressed in this way, i. e. , except otherwise provided by the law, the rights according to the legal act should be protected when the third person does the legal act with unreal rights per-son which is based on the rights appearance. The application of this provision should follow the exhaustion doctrine with the attention on the construction of its supporting mechanisms.