中国主要农业区保护性耕作模式技术特征量化分析

Quantitative analysis on technological characteristics of different conservation tillage patterns in major agricultural regions of China

对中国5个主要农业区的28种典型保护性耕作模式的技术特征进行量化分析与评价。结果表明:各区域的保护性耕作模式总体上都表现出较高的"保护度"(Cd),具有"少裸露"、"少动土"、"高保蓄"和"高效益"特点,但是"少污染"特征总体表现较差;各区域模式的技术特征表现不一,但基本上都与区域实际需求相吻合;东北平原保护性耕作主要表现为高保蓄和少动土,但是化肥农药使用增加;黄土高原主要表现为少裸露,但经济效益却低于传统耕作;农牧交错带主要表现为少裸露和高效益;长江流域主要表现为高效益和高劳动力消耗;华北平原地区的部分保护性耕作在土壤保蓄方面表现突出,但在减少土壤扰动和增加经济效益方面表现不明显。根据评价结果,中国保护性耕作的研究要继续突出不同区域特点,针对目前存在的不足,进一步通过共性关键技术与配套技术的有效组合,形成区域特色保护性耕作技术体系。

Based on the basic principles of ＂Three-Min and Two-High＂（minimum soil disturbance,minimum land-surface bareness,minimum field pollution,high resource conservation and high economic efficiency）,an indicator system was developed for quantitatively analyzing the characteristics of conservation tillage（CT）,and 28 patterns of CT in five regions（Northeast and North of China,Loess Plateau,Farming-Pastoral Transitional Zone and Yangtze River Basin）,covering 10 provinces in China were studied in this article.The result shows that：the key patterns of CT in China have a high degree of conservation.The values of comprehensive ＂conservation degree＂（Cd） of 27 patterns out of 28 patterns are higher than 10.0.Compared with traditional tillage patterns,most of the CT patterns increase the land cover degree,reduce the soil disturbance,improve soil water,soil nutrition and prevent soil loss,and add the economic benefits as well,but have weak performance in ＂minimum field pollution＂;CT in five regions has different characteristics.CT in Northeast China shows high benefits in improving soil water,soil nutrition and soil preservation and reducing soil disturbance,but increases the application rate of chemical fertilizer and pesticides.In Loess Plateau,the CT indicates higher land cover degree,but lower economic benefits.Higher land cover and higher economic benefit were observed in Farming-Pastoral Transitional Zone.In Yangtze River Basin,CT has higher economic benefit but consumes more labor force.Part of the conservation tillage in North China Plain increases soil water and nutrition,but there are no significantly effects on reducing soil disturbance or increasing economic benefits;based on the evaluation results,the model and technology of CT suited for different regions should be further improved in order to build a Chinese characteristic conservation tillage system.