信息产业的垄断形成机理及其反垄断政策研究

Study on the Forming Mechanism of Monopoly and Antitrust Policies in Information Industry

本文从信息产业最基本的特征入手,通过建立理论模型研究信息产业垄断的形成机理,并结合微软、苹果和谷歌的案例,分析垄断力量的形成以及反垄断新格局的出现,并在此基础上得出反垄断政策。在以信息技术为代表的当代信息产业,垄断具有了新的特征,即对于建立在专利技术之上的技术标准的垄断。信息时代反垄断面临着如何解决标准的公共产品性和专利技术的私有性之间的矛盾,如何在促进公共利益的同时又不妨害企业创新的激励,反垄断政策需要作相应的改变。我们主张,反垄断政策在真实网络领域和虚拟网络领域应该有所不同。在真实网络领域,反垄断政策应以引入竞争为主;而在虚拟网络领域,政府应尽可能促进垄断性技术(标准)的开放,有效限制垄断者的反竞争行为,并在鼓励技术创新和促进社会福利提高之间找到恰当的均衡;同时应适当限制垄断产品的价格。除了反垄断措施以外,促进竞争性技术创新的市场环境对于瓦解垄断势力和限制垄断行为具有重要作用。

Through building theoretical models,and starting from the basic industrial characteristics,the paper studied on the forming mechanism in information industry.After observed Microsoft,Apple and Google cases,we analyzed the forming of monopolistic forces,appearing of antitrust new structures and related policies.Modern information industry which symbolized with information technologies brings antitrust some new features,i.e.patent-based technological standard monopoly.Antitrust policies need to make some corresponding changes when facing dilemma of public goods nature of standards and private requirements in technology,and realizing the public benefits improvement without undermining corporation innovation stimulation.We believe that antitrust policy should vary in actual and virtual network,introduce competition to the former,while encourage standards openness and effectively limit anti-competitive practice,find equilibrium between prospering technological innovation and increasing social benefits to the latter,at the same time moderately bound prices of monopoly products.Besides antitrust measures,cultivating competitive technology innovation market environment could help to collapse monopoly power and activities.