政治资本、人力资本与行政垄断行业进入——基于中国私营企业调查的实证研究

Political Capital, Human Capital and Administrative Monopoly Industries Entry——An Empirical Study Based on China’s Private Enterprises

现有关于市场转型的实证研究往往难以区分是再分配权力决定个体地位的获得,还是有更强能力的个体进入体制内并获得更高的地位。本文研究认为企业家的前再分配部门任职经历意味着企业创立时即拥有政治资本,而那些创业后获得政治安排的人则主要意味着其能力得到更多的认可。基于全国私营企业调查数据的实证研究显示,市场化并没有减弱政治资本的作用,同时还增加了人力资本带来的收益,但若人力资本和政治资本结合,这种收益将增加得更多,由此可能导致权贵资本的产生。

The existing instance on market transition is difficult to distinguish between the redistribution of power and stronger competence of individuals within the system which determines the individual acquired status. This research holds this point： The entrepreneurs＇ work experiences in former redistribution department mean that the company was created with political capital when it was initially established; meanwhile, those who gain political arrangements after starting the company primarily demonstrate their ability to get more recognition. Instances of the research show that compared with entrepreneurs who cannot use political capital easily and have limited human capital, the marketization does not diminish the role of political capital, but instead increases the individuals＇ income brought by their human capital at the same time. However, if the human capital and the political capital are combined with, this kind of income will be even more, this may lead to the generation of crony capitalism.