基于遥感与GIS的新疆近18a来LUCC的生态环境效应分析

Response of Ecological Environment to Land Use/Cover Change in Xinjiang during 1990-2008based on Remote Sensing and GIS

基于遥感与GIS技术,以20世纪80年代末、90年代末、2005年、2008年遥感影像为数据源,获取4期新疆土地利用/覆盖信息,采用生态系统服务价值、生态环境质量指数和土地利用/覆盖转变类型生态贡献率,对研究时段内新疆土地利用/覆盖变化的生态环境效应进行了综合分析与评价。结果表明,1990—2008年间,新疆土地利用/覆盖变化显著,生态系统服务价值整体变化较小,总价值先增后减,水域和草地面积的减少是总价值减少的主要原因,耕地和林地面积的增加补偿了总价值的部分损失;生态环境质量指数从1990年的0.157持续下降到2005年的0.153,2008年上升为0.158,说明新疆生态环境存在恶化和改善两种相反趋势,导致生态环境恶化的主要原因是草地向耕地的转变,未利用地向草地的转变则促进生态环境质量的改善。

Based on GIS spatial analysis techniques and land use/cover change data in Xinjiang which were extracted from remote sensing images during 1990--2008, this paper analyzed the effect of land use/cover change on the ecological environment in Xinjiang from aspects of ecosystem services value, ecological envi- ronment quality index and the contribution proportions of land use/cover type transformations. Results showed that land use/cover changes weren＇t significant and the ecosystem services value increased firstly and then decreased, so with generally slight change during 1990--2008. The decrease of the ecosystem services value was caused by the decrease of water body and grassland area. The increase of crop land and woodland area partly offset the loss of the ecosystem services value. Whereas, the regional ecological environment quality index decreased continuously from 0. 157 in 1990 to 0. 153 in 2005 and then increased to 0. 158 in 2008. There are two coexisted contrary changing trends in ecological environment. Transformation from grassland to cropland caused deterioration of the ecological environment quality, and transformation from unused land to grassland caused improvement of the ecological environment equality.