再生铅冶炼的人体健康风险评价——以一再生铅冶炼企业10万吨废旧铅酸蓄电池项目为例

Impact Assessment of Remelted Lead on Health——Taking a 10 Tons of Waste Lead-acid Battery Project as Example

再生铅冶炼是对铅废弃物的循环利用,也是防治铅污染的重要手段,但如果在冶炼过程中处置不当,会对人体健康产生较大风险。环境健康风险评价是定量描述环境中污染物对人体产生健康危害风险的重要方法。本文以年处理10万t废铅酸蓄电池为例,利用美国环保总署健康风险评价模型,计算分析了铅冶炼周围居民经呼吸(大气颗粒物)、食入(粮食)和皮肤接触途径摄入铅而引起的健康风险。计算结果表明,再生铅冶炼企业排放的铅尘通过土壤和呼吸途径引起居民健康的风险较低,小于1。

Remelting lead is an impartment way to reuse the waste and to prevent lead pollution, but it may pose health risks without appropriate treatment. Environmental Health Risk Assessment is an important method for quantitatively describing the relationship between the pollution and the human health. This article takes a 10 tons waste lead - acid batteries project for instance and adopts the theories and the models for Health Risk Assessment recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. The study calculates the heavy metals intake risk through inhalation, foods and skins. The results show that the risk index of lead dusts is less than 1.