编码和提取过程中日语汉字和假名的差异比较

Differences Between Kanji and Kana During Encoding and Retrieval

为了解明中国人日语学习者记忆日语汉字和假名词汇时所关联的脑神经机制,本研究比较了日语汉字和假名在编码和提取过程中所诱发的ERP成分的差异。在学习阶段,汉字和假名条件的各ERPs成分的波幅-潜时之间存在着显著性差异,汉字条件的P300和N400的波幅都显著大于假名条件,潜时也比假名条件出现得更早,这些结果说明汉字的编码加工比假名更快更深刻。在提取阶段,相对于旧假名,旧汉字诱发了低波幅·短持续时间的FN400和高波幅·短持续时间的LPC(晚期阳性慢波)。这些结果显示了旧汉字的熟悉性效果更大,旧汉字能被更快更好地回忆起来。而且它们的编码和提取具有明显的半球优异性特征,说明了与汉字和假名的记忆相关联的脑神经机制不同。本文认为,由于假名的记忆加工比汉字复杂,增加了假名的记忆负荷,导致记忆成绩比汉字差,解明汉字和假名的记忆特征对日语学习具有重要的指导作用。

In the modern Japanese logographic writing system, both Kanji and Kana are used. Since they have quite different characteristics, quite different speech processes in the two hemispheres of the brain are involved. Some previous studies show that there are different neural mechanisms linked to the memorization of Kanji and Kana when Japanese native speakers are concerned. In order to illustrate the neural mechanisms related to the process in which the Chinese Japanese learners memorize Kanji and Kana, this paper investigates the differences between encoding and retrieval of Kanji and Kana during the memory process, by comparing the Event- Related Potentials （ERPs） components which are elicited by Kanji and Kana during the process of memorizing and recollecting them by Chinese Japanese learners. In the study phase, significant differences are found in considering the amplitude and the latency of the ERPs components elicited by Kanji and Kana condition, and the scalp distributions are different, too, which indicates the different aspects of the memory storage after Kanji and Kana are encoded. The encoding of Kanji is faster and deeper than that of Kana. In the test phase, the old items of Kanji elicit lower amplitude and shorter duration of FN400 and higher amplitude and shorter duration of the Late Positive Component （LPC） than the old items of Kana. The old items of Kanji are easier and quicker to be recalled than the old items of Kana. In addition to this, there are obvious hemisphere advantages for encoding and retrieval of old items of Kanji, which demonstrates that the neural mechanism related to Kanji is different from that related to Kana. It is believed that because the Kana＇s memory processing is more complicated than Kanji, which increases the memory load, leading to inferior effects than Kanji. In this way, the illustration of the memory feature of Kanji and Kana is instructive to Japanese learning.