苹果园秋季大型土壤动物群落多样性研究

The Community Diversity of Macro-soil-fauna at Apple Orchards in Autumn

选取洛川县苹果常规园与苹果示范园两个样地,于2010年9月对苹果园秋季大型土壤动物进行调查,采用对角线五点法采样和手拣法捕获土壤动物.共获取土壤动物143只,隶属于4门6纲10目13类,其中鞘翅目幼虫4科.正蚓目、咀刺目和膜翅目为两个样地土壤动物共有的优势类群;直翅目、蜈蚣目、鞘翅目幼虫和柄眼目为常见类群.优势类群和常见类群构成了洛川苹果园秋季大型土壤动物的基本成分;示范园土壤动物群落多样性、均匀性、丰富度、优势度等指数和群落类群数均大于常规园,而个体数和优势度集中指数则小于常规园;苹果园秋季大型土壤动物多样性的垂直分布表现出一定的表聚性,且个体数量的表聚性强于类群数的表聚性.

In this study, the macro-soil-fauna were acquired by the five-point sampling method and by hand-sorting,at conventional and demonstration apple orchards in September,2010. 143 soil animals identi- fied belonged to 4 phyla,6 classes,10 orders,13 classes,in which there were 4 families of Coleoptera lar- vae. Lurnbricida, Enoplida and Hymenoprera were the dominant groups of soil fauna in two plots of land, and the common groups were Orthoptera, Solopendromorpha, Coleoptera larvae, Syornrnatopora. The dominant groups and common groups were the fundamental components of soil fauna at apple orchards in Luochuan;the indexes of diversity,evenness,richness, dominance and group number of demonstration gar- dens were greater than those of conventional gardens,but the dominant concentration index and the total number of individuals were less than those of conventional gardens. The vertical distribution of autumn macro-soil-fauna diversity of apple orchards in Luochuan shows a degree of surface aggregation. Further- more, the surface aggregation of individual quantity is stronger than that of group quantity.