2010年中国7～18岁汉族学生超重、肥胖与生理功能的关系

Relationship between obesity, overweight and physical function in students of Han nationality aged 7-18 years in 2010

目的研究儿童青少年超重、肥胖状况与生理功能（收缩压、舒张压、脉搏、体重肺活量指数）之间的关系。方法利用2010年中国学生体质与健康调研资料，按性别、城乡分层频数匹配，以肥胖分组等比抽取7～18岁体重正常、超重、肥胖组学生各10601名。比较3组学生的生理功能水平，并分析生理功能水平随BMI百分位数的变化情况。结果与体重正常者相比，各年龄段肥胖男生收缩压增加8．0～12．0mmHg（1mmHg=0．133kPa），舒张压增加4．7—5．9mmHg，肥胖女生收缩压增加7．5～11．6mmHg，舒张压增加4．7—6．1mmHg，差异均有统计学意义（P值均〈0．05）。13～15岁肥胖男生脉搏比体重正常者增加0．8次／min，16～18岁肥胖男生脉搏分别比超重和体重正常者增加1．1次／min，16～18岁肥胖女生脉搏分别比超重和体重正常者增加1．5、1．7次／min（P值均〈0．05）。7～9岁男生BMI为第5、50、95百分位数（P5、P50、P95）时脉搏分别为87．63、87．00、87．83次／min，10～12岁男生分别为85．66、85．30、85．43次／min。13—15岁男生BMI为P5、P50、P95时脉搏分别为82．60、81．39、82．34次／min，16—18岁男生分别为80．15、79．00、79．980次／min。各年龄段男、女生的体重肺活量指数均表现为肥胖组〈超重组〈体重正常组（P〈0．05），与体重正常者相比，超重男生减少6．4～8．4ml／kg，肥胖男生减少11．9—14．8ml／kg，超重女生减少5．3～7．7ml／kg，肥胖女生减少11．0～11．5ml／kg。结论超重、肥胖的儿童青少年较体重正常者血压升高、脉搏增加、体重肺活量指数下降。

Objective To study the effects of overweight and obesity on physical function （including systolic blood pressure （SBP）, diastolic blood pressure （DBP）, pulse, weight vital capacity index） in children and adolescents. Methods The data of 2010 Chinese National Survey on Students Constitution and Health was analyzed. The samples of overweight and normal-weight group were randomly selected from the data by matching gender, urban or rural for getting the same number sample size as obese group（ 10 601 each group）. The students aged 7 - 18 years were classified into 3 groups by BMI percentiles （P5, P15, P25, P50, P75, P85 and P95 ）, to analyze the change of physical function along with BMI percentile. Results Compared to the normal-weigh group, SBP of the obese boys of all age groups increased by 8.0 - 12.0 mm Hg, DBP increased by 4. 7 - 5.9 mm Hg, while SBP of the obese girls increased by 7.5 - 11.6 mm Hg, DBP increased by 4. 7 -6. 1 mm Hg, with statistical significance（P 〈0. 05）. In 13 - 15-year group, pulse of obese boys was 0. 8 times/min higher than that of normal-weight. In 16 - 18-year group, pulse of obese boys was 1.1 times/min higher than that of overweight or normal-weight, while pulse of obese girls were 1.5 and 1.7 times/min higher than that of overweight and normal-weight, respectively （P 〈 0. 05 ）. Pulses in boys aged 7 -9 years when BMI were P5, P50, P95 were 87.63, 87. 00, 87.83 times/rain, and pulses in boys aged 10 - 12 were 85.66, 85.30, 85.43 times/min, respectively. Pulses in boys aged 13 -15 years when BMI were P5, P50, P95 were 82.60, 81.39,82. 34 times/min, and pulses in boys aged 16 - 18 years were 80. 15, 79.00, 79. 98 times/min. In both boys and girls of all age groups, weight vital capacity index had the trend of obese 〈 overweight 〈 normal-weight （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. Compared to the normal-weight group, weight vital capacity index of overweight boys decreased by 6.4 -8.4 ml/kg, that of obese boys decreased by 11.9 - 14. 8 ml/kg, while that of overweight girls decreased by 5.3 -7.7 ml/kg, that of obese girls decreased 11.0 - 11.5 ml/kg. Conclusion Compared to the normal-weight, overweight and obese children and adolescents had elevated blood pressure, increased pulse, decreased weight vital capacity index.