汉语聋童对汉字结构中语音线索的意识及其发展

Chinese Character and Its Development:An Evidence from Deaf Children

采取纸笔测验,对上海两所聋校二、四、六年级共82名聋童对汉字结构中语音线索的意识及其发展进行了探讨。结果发现:聋童与听力正常儿童一样,汉字读音受形声字表音规律的影响,表现为规则形声字的注音正确率好于不规则的形声字;对生字注音时,小学四、六年级的聋童更多利用了汉字结构中的语音线索;注音错误类型分析显示,随年级升高,儿童所犯非系统错误比例减小,声旁与类似性错误比例增加,并达显著性差异,表明聋童对汉字结构中语音线索的意识随年级升高而发展,但二年级处于萌芽状态,四、六年级在发展之中。

The aim of the study is to explore the awareness of phonological clue in pronunciation of Chinese character and its development of prelingual deaf children. By paper-pencil test, the subjects from grade 2, 4, 6 are asked to write the pronunciation of the phonogram character with different familiarities. The results show the deaf children perform the significantly better on regular phonogram character than on phonogram irregular character. They use the phonological cues of character more frequently when pronounce the unfamiliar characters. The analysis of the pronouncing errors shows the ratio unsystematic errors in pronunciation by higher grade decrease while the sound-component and analysis errors increase. We arrive at the conclusion that the deaf elementary children and the normal children share the same characteristics in pronunciation Chinese Character. The present study has both theoretical and practical implications.