“历程”中的客观性——对柯林武德思想的再认识

The Objectivity in "Process":Rethinking Collingwood

柯林武德试图将历史学建立在一种新的客观性概念的基础上。他指出:历史中的客观性是在绵延不断的"历程"中得到体现的,在这一历程中,历史当事人的思想与后来的历史学家对它的反思不是"两个"思想而是"一个"思想,历史体系是历史与历史学家的统一。在历史体系中,历史学家即使不受纯粹历史"事实"的制约,也必然受整体"历程"的制约。柯林武德的这些观点使得一种新的史学"客观性"观念成为可能。

We are liable to misunderstand Collingwood＇ s theory of history, regarding it as a relativism and scepticism. In fact, Collingwood tried to base the historiography on a new concept of objectivity. He holds that the historical objectivity can only be achieved in the continuous process, in which the thought of historical agent and the historian＇ s later reflection on it are identical. In his view, history and historians are incorporated into the system of history, in which historians are restricted not by the pure historical ＂ facts＂ but by the whole ＂ process＂. These ideas make possible a new concept of historical objectivity, which can be adopted to resist post-modernist attack on historical objectivity and revitalize the history discipline.