“语境”的“超语言学”泛化——一个时髦的学术用语分析

“Ultra-linguistic”Generalization of“Context”——Analysis of a Fashionable Terminology

"语境"的使用已超出语言学,泛化到各个人文社会科学领域。这种"超语言学"的泛化现象使"语境"的内涵也超出了语言学对其的界定。它已泛化为一种思维方式,成为一种寄生于对象的外在的关联域。学术界对它的使用可分为本体用法、界的用法、异质用法和对话用法。语境的泛化既是20世纪语言学转向带来的语言学术语泛化的结果,也是人文社会科学的研究思维变革的体现,亦是学术用语的自然更新现象,与学术界趋同使用时尚的新名词、新术语的心理有关。

The word ＂context＂ has gone beyond linguistic field into all fields of humanities, an ＂ultra-linguistic＂ generalization enabling ＂context＂ to surpass its definition made by linguists. As a result, ＂context＂ has been generalized into a mode of thinking--an external object-based relevant register, and it has been categorized into three kinds of usage： ontology usage, domain usage, heterogeneous usage and dialogue usage. The generalization of context results from the popularity of linguistic terminology in 20th century, the changes in humanities research, and the development of new terminology.