肝硬化的分期、无创诊断、预后模型及治疗进展

Progress in staging, non-invasive diagnosis, prognostic models and treatment of liver cirrhosis

肝硬化是各种慢性肝病的终末阶段,病理学上以弥漫性纤维化及假小叶形成为主要特征,临床主要表现为肝细胞功能障碍和门脉高压症。近年来,有学者建议将肝硬化从组织学上分为3期,从临床上分为4期,并提出了多种基于生化和影像学的无创诊断标准,同时不断完善预后模型。肝硬化并发症的治疗也不断进步,但一些疗法的确切疗效尚有争议。本文就以上方面进行简要综述。

Cirrhosis is the end stage of chronic liver diseases, which is pathologically characterized with diffused fibrosis and pseudonodular transformation and clinically manifested as hepatocellular failure and portal hypertension. Recently, it is proposed that cirrhosis be subdivided into 3 stages histologically and 4 stages clinically. Non-invasive diagnostic criteria based on biochemical markers and imaging techniques and prognostic models have been established and validated in different settings. Management of complications has also been improved steadily, but the definite efficacy of some therapies remains controversial. In this article the authors summarize the advances in staging, diagnosis, prognosis and management of cirrhosis.