去乙酰化酶抑制与视网膜病变

Histone deacetylases inhibition and retinopathy

组蛋白乙酰化酶（HATs）与组蛋白去乙酰化酶（HDACs）分别催化组蛋白的乙酰化与去乙酰化过程，组蛋白及特定基因的乙酰化修饰对于基因的激活或抑制发挥着调节作用，在糖尿病视网膜病变（DR）、缺血性视网膜病变、退行性视网膜病变、感染性视网膜病变、视网膜肿瘤等视网膜疾病的发生发展过程中均可发生相关基因的乙酰化水平下调，从而启动凋亡程序，导致视网膜细胞的死亡，引起视网膜功能障碍，因此，视网膜的病理生理与乙酰化修饰联系紧密。由于基因表观修饰的复杂多样性，乙酰化与去乙酰化作用在视网膜病变中所发挥的作用仍在进一步探索中。就乙酰化酶与去乙酰化酶的分类、功能及其与视网膜病变的关系及去乙酰化酶抑制对视网膜病变潜在的保护作用进行综述。

Histone acetyhransferases（HATs） faciliate histone acetylation and histone deacetylases（HDACs） serve to remove acetyl groups from histones. The activation and repression of gene expression can be regulated by the acetylation of histone or specific genes. It is certified that acetylation of related genes is down-regulated in diabetic retinopathy, retinal ischemia-reperfusion, degenerative retinopathy, infective retinopathy and retinal tumors, which results in cell apoptosis and retinal dysfunction. So the physiology and pathology of retina have a close relation. The effects of histone acetylation and deacetylases on retinal diseases are still studying because of the complexity and diversity of genetic modification in epigenetic inheritance. This article reviewed the classification of HATs and HDACs and their inhibitors, their effects and function, their relationship to retinopathy, and discuss the protection of their inbibitors to retina.