真假亚当·斯密——从“没有分工的市场”看近世中国乡村经济的变迁

Real and Fake Adam Smith—Looking at the Modern Chinese Rural Economic Transition from the Perspective of “A Market without Division of Labor”

本文聚焦于阿里吉《亚当.斯密在北京》一书,对国内外中国经济史学界有关斯密型动力的问题进行了深入的批评与讨论,对阿里吉与加州学派有关斯密分工理论及其在中国的表现所做的解读提出强烈质疑,并通过阅读斯密、马克思的原典,力图还原一个真实的斯密,即强调"社会分工"的斯密,并引入吴承明"没有(社会)分工的市场"概念,主张将两者(即真假斯密)结合起来,用历史的眼光对明清以来中国小农经济的演变做出重新解释,进而为中国乡村经济的未来发展提供一条不同于主流认识的新思路。

Focusing on Giovanni Arrighi's monograph Adam Smith in Beijing,this article deeply criticizes and discusses the understandings of both Chinese and foreign Chinese economic history circles about the dynamics of Smithian growth,and strongly questions Arrighi and the California School's explanations of Smithian division of labor and its application in China.The author,through careful reading of Smith and Marx's classics,tries to restore the real Smith,i.e.the Smith who emphasized 'social division of labor.' By introducing Wu Chengming's concept of 'a market without social division of labor,' the article advocates the combination of the two(real and fake Smithian) approaches to re-explain the evolution of China peasant economy since the Ming and the Qing dynasties from a historical perspective,providing a new approach,which is different from mainstream views,to the future economic development of rural China.