河南省农田利用集约度时空变化及其影响环境

Temporal and spatial variation and influencing factors of the farmland use intensity in Henan Province

采用因子分析法、重心分析法及空间自相关分析法,利用SPSS、ArcGIS和GeoDa,探究了河南省县级尺度农田利用集约度及其空间分布、空间变化特征。研究发现:河南省农田利用集约度较高的县级单元多分布于河南省东北部;近邻城市的农田利用集约度亦较高;农田利用集约度相近的县级单元呈空间集聚态势,尤其是以较低农田利用集约度的县级单元更为明显;农田利用集约度重心点位于河南省几何中心点的东北方向,且随着时间推移仍不断向东北方向移动。农田利用集约度是农业生产者在自然条件、经济发展、政治制度、社会人文等环境的约束下,结合劳动力、耕地等自身资源条件,经分析判断后对农田利用效果的评价。探究农田利用集约度空间分布特征及其变化,可了解不同区位条件下的农户生产决策特征及其变化,为农业发展战略的制定提供依据。

The farmland use intensity is an important focus in the course of the household behavior study, which can help understand the man-land relationship in rural areas. The paper adopts the factor analysis, gravity center analysis and spatial autocorrelation analysis, and uses softwares such as SPSS, ArcGIS and GeoDa software, to explore the spatial distribution and its change features of the farmland use intensity based on the county-level administrative unit in Henan Province. The farmland use intensity analysis based on the 126 county-scale data finds the following results. （1） The county-scale units at higher lev- el of the farmland use intensity are mostly located in the northeast of Henan Province. County-scale units located in the places closer to the city are also at higher level of the farmland use intensity. County-scale units which are at the similar level of the farmland use intensity have the trend of spatial concentration. （2） The gravity center of the farm- land use intensity is located in the northeast of the geometric center of Henan Province, and it continues to move to the northeast over time. （3） The level of the farmland use in- tensity is the result of the households＂ choice of investment structure under the restriction of natural geographical condition, economic environment, political system environment, social and cultural environment, combined with their own conditions. （4） The fact that the paper explored the features and changes of spatial distribution of the farmland use in- tensity can help us understand the statuses of household production decision in different areas and conditions. Finally, the paper suggests that agricultural production regionaliza- tion should fully consider the different levels of farmland use intensity in different areas, and upgrade each region＇s comparative advantage in the course of developing agricultural e- conomy.