基于景观格局的土地生态系统完整性空间分析研究

Spatial Analysis on the Integrity of Land Use Ecosystem Based on Landscape Pattern

以河北省固安县2009年土地利用现状数据为研究对象,将研究区划分为1～5 km不等的网格进行研究,运用景观格局分析软件,计算各网格内景观格局指数;并运用SPSS11.0对各类景观指数进行标准化处理,从而运用加权模型构建土地生态系统完整性指数;然后,通过探讨研究区景观指数与尺度之间的变化关系,认为2 km网格的土地生态系统完整性指数与现状最符合,最后采用GIS空间统计学中的自相关方法和半方差分析,对研究区2 km网格的土地生态系统完整性指数的空间分布特征进行分析。结果表明,研究区内的土地生态系统完整性存在着一定的空间正相关性。研究区整体生态环境质量较高,中部区域土地生态系统完整性指数高,其同种类型的土地连片性可能性更大,便于土地整理;土地生态系统完整性的低值区明显聚集在西北部的东湾乡、固安镇等,在土地生态系统完整性的低值区应加强土地利用管理,尽量避免不合理的土地利用方式,减少土地利用格局的破碎度和分离度,提高土地利用的生态安全度,促进区域可持续发展。

Gu’an County in Hebei Province was set as study area,and then divided into 1 km×1 km,2 km×2 km,3 km×3 km,4 km×4 km,and 5 km×5 km raster grid cells separately using its land use data in 2009.Furthermore,pattern index in each grid was calculated by Fragstats program for given factors.All influential factors were standardized and weighted by the SPSS11.0 software,and then applied into the assessment of land use ecosystem integrity.Afterwards,2 km grid was considered to be the fittest by exploring the relationship between landscape indices and scale.Finally,the land ecosystem integrity in 2 km grid of study area was analyzed by methods of GIS spatial autocorrelation and semi-variance.The results showed that the land use has certain positive correlation with ecosystem integrity in study area.The overall ecological quality is high,especially in central regions.There is a higher possibility of contiguous lands of the same types to facilitate land consolidation;low integrity index clearly concentrates in the northwestern area,such as Dongwan County,Gu’an County,etc..Therefore,the land use management should be strengthened by avoiding unreasonable land use,reducing the fragmentation of land use pattern,and improving ecological safety in land use,in order to promote regional sustainable development.