社会支持与空巢老人生活质量的相关性

Relationship between social support and quality of life of empty nest elderly

目的研究社会支持与空巢老人生活质量的相关性，探讨提高空巢老人生活质量的有效方式。方法使用社会支持量表（SSRS）、简明健康调查量表（SF-36），用便利抽样的方式对91名空巢老人进行问卷调查以获取基本数据，用SPSS17．0建立数据库，采用t检验、Pearson相关分析等方法进行统计分析。结果本研究发放调查问卷91份，有效问卷91份，有效回答率100％。本次调查显示，空巢老人生活质量总均分为（619．12±132．83）分，不同性别、年龄、文化程度的空巢老人生活质量比较差异无统计学意义；有无配偶[（637．25±127．17）分比（565．53±137．53）分]，每月养老金不同[（652．40±129．55）分比（581．98±127．87）分]的空巢老人生活质量比较差异有统计学意义（t值分别为2．29，-2．61；P均〈0．05）。本次调查中空巢老人社会支持总均分（37．46±9．25）分，不同性别、年龄、每月养老金的空巢老人社会支持比较差异无统计学意义；有无配偶，文化程度不同的空巢老人社会支持比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。本次调查显示社会支持与空巢老人生活质量的相关性比较显著，相关系数为0．46（P〈0．05）。结论社会支持与空巢老人生活质量的相关性显著，因此社会支持对生活质量有重要影响。关心空巢老人的心理需要，完善社会支持，对提高空巢老人的生活质量有重要意义。

Objective To study the relationship between social support and life quality of empty nest elderly, and search the effective way to improve their quality of life. Methods Social Support Review questionnaire （SSRS）, and Short-Form 36 Health Survey questionnaire （SF-36） were used to investigate 91 empty nest elderly. Database was established by SPSS 17.0, and t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used during the process. Results 91 questionnaires were given out and 91 were effectively called back, with the effective rate of 100%. The total score of quality of life of empty nest elderly was （619.12 ± 132.83）. The differences of life quality between empty nest elderly of different gender, age and degree of education were not statistically significant. The score of quality of life of elderly with spouses was （637.25 ± 127.17 ）, while that of elderly without spouses was （565.53±137.53 ）, and the differences were statistically significant （ t = 2.29, P 〈 0.05 ）. The score of quality of life of elderly who had different pensions was （652.40 ±129.55 ） vs （581.98± 127.87）, and the difference was statistically significant （t = -2.61, P 〈 0.05 ）. In this research, the total score of social support was （ 37.46 ± 9.25 ）. The difference of social support between elderly of different gender, age and pension was not statistically significant, while that between elderly of different condition of spouse and degree of education was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05 ）. Therefore, social support and quality of life of empty nest elderly were correlated with the related coefficient of 0.46 （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. Conclusions There is significant relationship between social support and quality of life of empty nest elderly, thus social support has an important effect on life quality. Caring the psychological goal of empty nest elderly and complete social support is very meaningful to improve the quality of life of empty nest elderly.