护士与老年住院患者沟通技巧的培训方法与效果

Methods and effect of the training of communication skills between nurses and elderly inpatients

目的以多种方法设计培训，以期促进护士与老年住院患者的沟通。方法采用讲座、情景模拟、角色扮演、个案分析等方法培训护士的沟通技巧，在培训前后使用自行设计的“老年住院患者对与护士沟通状况评价问卷”对老年住院患者进行问卷调查，评价培训前后护士沟通能力的变化。结果从“老年住院患者对与护士沟通状况评价问卷”的调查结果看，护士各个维度得分相对于干预前均有升高。护士态度维度的分数由培训前（16．15±2．21）升高到（17．94±2．39），使用非语言沟通技巧的能力维度的分数由培训前（16．25±1．97）升高到（17．50±2．40），这两个维度的差异具有统计学意义（t分别为-3．737，2．011；P分别为0．011，0．035）。结论本研究提供的护士沟通技巧的培训，虽然从患者前后的感受看，护士的沟通能力在短期内没有很大的提高，但也不失为一种培训方式的尝试，具有一定的借鉴作用。

Objective To design different training methods in order to promote communication between nurses and elderly inpatients. Methods Lecture, scenario simulation, role-playing and case analysis were used to train nurses＇ communication skills. Self-designed questionnaire was used before and after the training to evaluate the improvement of nurses＇ communication skills. Results Questionnaire showed that scores in all dimensions were higher after the training than before. The score of nurses＇ attitude improved from （ 16.15 ± 2.21 ） to （17.94± 2.39）, and the score of non-verbal communication skills improved from （16.25± 1.97） to （ 17.50± 2.40）. And the differences were statistically significant （ t = - 3. 737,2.011 ; P = 0.011,0. 035 ）. Conclusions Judged by the patients＇ feelings, training in this research dose not significantly improve nurses＇ communication skills, but still an attempt to better training method which provides some references.