北京市麻雀体质水平沿城市化梯度的变化

Variation in Body Condition Levels of Passer montanus Populations along an Urban Gradient in Beijing

麻雀是城市和乡村均有分布的鸟类物种。快速的城市化正在使城市麻雀的栖息地和食物资源大量减少。以北京市为例,研究了麻雀的体质水平沿城市化梯度的变化,以期为我国城市化过程中的鸟类保护提供参考。研究结果表明城市高层楼房居民区、低层楼房居民区以及大学校园中麻雀的体质指数显著低于郊区环境,而城市公园和平房居民区麻雀的体质水平则与郊区环境的差异较小。随采样点城市化水平的增加,麻雀的体质水平呈下降趋势,高度城市化的环境导致麻雀的体质水平下降。在城市化过程中,增加城市公园的数量及居民区的植被覆盖量可为麻雀等鸟类提供必要的生活资源,从而实现城市化过程中的生物多样性保护。

Tree sparrow is a widespread species in urban and rural environments in China. Since rapid urbanization is de- creasing the food resources and habitats of tree sparrows, we hypothesized that urbanization would induce a decrease in body condition levels of this species. To test this hypothesis we compared the body condition indices of tree sparrow populations in five urban and two rural habitats in Beijing and analyzed the relationship between body condition index and the degree of ur- banization. Results show that the body condition indices of tree sparrow populations were strongly and negatively correlated with the degree of urbanization of the habitat. Average body condition index of sparrows from high-rise residential areas and a university campus were significantly lower than that of from rural areas, suggesting that tree sparrows living in highly ur- banized areas showed lower body condition level than that of rural areas. However, the average body condition indices of birds from an urban park and bungalow residential area was not significantly different with that of birds at rural sites and dif- fered significantly from that of birds at two of the other urban sites. Food scarcity resulted from vegetation loss in urbaniza- tion may be main reasons to explain all the results, therefore we suggest that vegetation reservation should be paid more at- tentions in the process of urbanization.