四川洪雅县赤腹松鼠的食性观察

Observation on Food Habits of Callosciurus erythraeus in Hongya,Sichuan Province

2008年1月至2010年8月,在主要树种为柳杉Cryptomeria fortunei的四川省洪雅县林场中,采用直接观察和胃容物分析法对赤腹松鼠Callosciurus erythraeus食性进行研究。发现赤腹松鼠取食的植物共有14科23种,如小柱悬钩子Rubus columellaris和板栗Castanea mollissima的果实,油茶Camellia oleifera的花及柳杉和杉木Cunninghamia lanceolata的树皮。结合往年文献,已知确认洪雅县赤腹松鼠取食的植物共28种。根据胃容物分析,果实种子的比例为秋季(75.60%±0.53%)>夏季(63.32%±0.69%)>冬季(34.02%±0.43%)>春季(14.35%±0.71%),差异显著(P<0.05);而树皮在夏季和秋季分别为7.32%±0.50%和8.30%±0.87%,显著低于冬季和春季的28.13%±0.72%和28.71%±0.84%(P<0.05)。根据结果分析,赤腹松鼠的主要食物是植物的果实种子,在冬春取食较多的树皮可能与果实种子短缺有关。

Food habits of red-bellied squirrels Callosciurus erythraeus were researched in the forest mostly eomposed by Crypotomeria fortunei in Hongya county, Sichuan province. Direct observation and tureen content analysis were conducted. The squirrels fed on 23 plant species belonging to 14 families, such as fruits of Rubus columellaris and Castanea mollissima, Camellia oleifera flowers, and barks of Crypotomeria fortunei and Cunninghami lanceolata. There were 28 plant species in Hongya confirmed foraged by squirrels with literatures in former years. The ratio of fruit and seed in stomach contents was 75.60% ± 0. 53% in autmnn, 63. 32% ±0. 69% in summer, 34. 02% ± 0. 43% in winter and 14. 35% ± 0.71% in spring. The differences were significant （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The bark in stomach contents was significantly lower in summer （7.32% ±0. 50% ） and autumn （8.30% ±0.87% ） than that of winter （28.13% ±0.72% ） and spring （28.71% ± 0. 84% ） （P 〈 0. 05 ）. The results indicated that the red-bellied squirrels foraged more barks in winter and in spring was probably because of the shortage of fruits and seeds in those two seasons.