可控溶剂体系及其在化学反应和分离中的应用

Controllable Solvents and Their Applications in Chemical Reactions and Seperation

CO2诱导的可开关溶剂(switchable solvents)和有机物-水可调控溶剂(organic aqueous tunable sol-vents)是近年来发展的两类新型的较绿色溶剂体系.这两类溶剂均使用CO2作为可逆"开关",通入CO2使体系的物理化学性质或相数发生变化,除去CO2后体系恢复到原来的状态.因此,这些溶剂体系被称之为可控溶剂体系.本文在介绍可控溶剂体系类型的基础上,重点综述了可控溶剂体系的研究进展和存在的问题,以及可控溶剂体系在大豆油的提取、藻类中碳氢化合物的提取、烯烃氢甲酰化反应和酶催化反应中的应用,并提出了可控溶剂体系需要进一步研究的若干重要问题.从总体上看,使用可控溶剂体系,可以减少反应过程中有机溶剂的用量,并在温和条件下实现溶剂极性、水溶性和体系相数的显著、可逆变化,因此可使化合物的合成、纯化以及均相催化剂的回收等过程变得更加简便、高效.

CO2-induced switchable solvents and organic aqueous tunable solvents（OATS） are two kinds of novel relatively green solvents in recent years.They use CO2 as reversible ＂switch＂.When bubbling CO2,the system of physical and chemical properties or the phase number can change.After removing CO2 by bubbling N2/Ar and heating,or depressurization,the system can be reconverted to its original state.So these solvent systems are called ＂controllable solvents＂ system.On the basis of briefly introducing the type and properties of controllable solvents system,we emphasizes the review of the development,the questions and the applications of controllable solvents system in extraction of soybean oil from soybean flakes,extraction hydrocarbons from microalga Botryococcus braunii,hydroformylation of olefins and enzymatic catalysis reactions.In addition,we put forward some important questions of controllable solvents system which require further study in the future.In general,controllable solvents system are beneficial.They have a reduced amount of organic solvent in reaction mixtures,and significantly reversibly change the polarity,water-solubility of a solvent and phase number of the system under very mild conditions.So the use of controllable solvents system can make the synthesis and purify of compounds and the recovery of homogeneous catalyst become more facile and efficient.