北京市某社区老年人跌倒风险现状调查

Investigation of the risk status on tumble down of senior citizens in communities of Beijing

目的对北京市某社区老年人跌倒风险现况进行调查，为采取有效的预防和干预措施提供依据。方法采用老年人跌倒风险评估量表（FRQ）对北京市某社区221名老年人进行跌倒风险的评估并对其相关因素进行分析。结果该社区老年人跌倒风险评估量表平均得分（28．12±7．47）分，有跌倒风险的老年人（得分≥30分者）占该人群的43．44％。不同性别、身体状况中伴随尿频尿急症状、身患慢性疾病、使用助行器、进行体育锻炼、跌倒史的老年人跌倒风险不同，差异均有统计学意义（x2分别为8．170，11．793，14．264，12．656，11．122，12．670；P〈0．01）。将单因素分析中有统计学意义的性别、年龄、BMI、居住方式、视力情况等12项因素作为自变量，将有无跌倒风险作为因变量，放人Logistic回归方程，应用Forward LR进行统计分析。结果表明，老年人跌倒风险与性别、患者进行体育锻炼呈正相关，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05），与尿频尿急等情况、使用助行器、慢性疾病、1年内是否跌倒呈负相关，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论该社区老年人跌倒风险较高，针对女性老年人、有尿频尿急症状、使用助行器、进行体育锻炼、患慢性疾病、跌倒史的老年人应加强防范措施，以降低老年人的跌倒风险，提高其生活质量。

Objective To investigate the risk status on tumble down of senior citizens in communities of Beijing for providing basis for effective prevention and intervention measures. Methods The senior citizen to tumble risk assessment meter （FRQ） was used to evaluate the risk status and its influencing factors among 221 senior citizens in a community in Beijing. Results The average score of the FRQ for senior citizens in this community was （28.12±7.47）. 43.44% of the elderly people in community had the risk for tumble down （score 〉130）. The risk status was different with different sex, whether has frequent urination and urgency of urination symptom, chronic diseases, use mobility aids, carry out the physical training, or has the tumble history （x^2 = 8. 170, 11. 793, 14. 264, 12. 656, 11. 122, 12. 670, respectively; P 〈 0. 01 ）. Single factor analysis showed that sex and whether the citizen carries out physical training were positively correlated with the risk status of the tumble down. Negative correlation was founded between whether the citizen used mobility aids, had chronic diseases, tumble history in the last year and the risk status （ P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusions High-risk status was found in the senior citizens in this community. Preventative measures should be strengthened to female senior citizens, citizens who have frequent urination and urgency of urination symptom, use the mobility aids, carry out the physical training, has chronic diseases, and have tumble history to reduces the risk of tumble down and improves the quality of life.