太平天国后期的六部制问题

The Questions of the System of Six Departments of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom

天京事变后,太平天国在前期六官丞相制度的基础上建立六部制,处理具体的朝政。在设立六部的过程中,太平天国没有军师,并不存在剥夺军师权力分归六部的问题。在制度设计上,有六部则例,而在具体的管理上,有部官领袖制、部僚制和部僚领袖制,从而建立起管理六部的体制。在这个体制中,洪仁为最高领导。在洪秀全迷恋于建构洪氏家天下的趋势之下,虽然六部官员的职爵在不断提高,但六部的地位在不断下降;虽然六部各有具体的职能,但其作用有限,不能改变太平天国最终的命运。

After the Tianjing Incident, the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom established the system of six depart- ments based on the former system of six major ministers dealing with specific affairs of state. Taiping Heavenly Kingdom had no counselor in the process of the establishment of the new systems, so there was no need of depriving the power of counselor and dividing the power among the six ministers. According to its design, the system had its regulations. In terms of specific management, the system had its ministerial leadership and bureaucrat hierarchy. In this system, Hong xiuquan was the top leader, who wanted to build his family＇s power controlling the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. Although officials positions of the system continually improved, the status of six departments was declining. Each department had specific functions, but its role was limited, so it could not change the final fate of Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.