低剂量亚慢性砷染毒对雄性大鼠生殖功能及子代的影响

Effects of low dose arsenic on male reproductive function and offspring developmental toxicity in rats

目的探讨低剂量砷染毒对雄性大鼠生殖毒性及胚胎发育毒性的影响。方法健康普通级雄性sD大鼠48只，按体质量随机分为4组，分别饮用含亚砷酸钠0（蒸馏水组）、0．01（低剂量组）、0．05（中剂量组）和0．25mg／L（高剂量组）的水。染毒12周后，与正常成年雌性大鼠按1：2合笼，确定雌鼠怀孕后，处死雄鼠取其附睾丸，观察雄性大鼠精子畸形并用原子荧光谱法测定其血砷和精液砷浓度。于妊娠第20天处死雌鼠，观察雌雄交配受孕情况、受精卵着床数、活胎数、死胎数、吸收胎数及胚胎的生长发育情况。结果染毒12周后，低、中、高剂量组与蒸馏水组大鼠的体重分别为（347．6±18．7）、（308．3±19．2）、（301．4±17．4）和（316．7±17．7）g，低剂量组体重较蒸馏水组增加，高剂量组体重较蒸馏水组降低，差异均有统计学意义；精子数量分别为（9．7±0．8）、（5．5±0．5）、（4．3±0．4）和（9．3±0．9）×10^6／ml，活精率分别为（65．4±7．2）％、（41．3±6．9）％、（37．9±4．6）％和（63．8±8．2）％，中高剂量组较蒸馏水组降低，差异有统计学意义；精子畸形率和死胎／吸收胎发生比例分别为（9．1±4．4）％、（14．0±3．9）％、（21．4±5．9）％、（9．3±2．5）％和1．7％、4．2％、7．3％、0．8％，中和高剂量组较蒸馏水组增加，差异有统计学意义。结论0．01mg／L亚砷酸钠染毒对大鼠生殖功能未见明显的毒性作用；0．05mg／L及以上浓度亚砷酸钠亚慢性染毒12周可对雄性大鼠产生生殖毒性，并对胚胎有一定的致畸作用。

Objective To explore sub-chronic toxic effects of low doses of arsenic on male reproductive function and offspring development in rats. Methods Forty -eight healthy normal male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups, with 12 in each group. The rats were fed with drinking water containing sodium arsenite of 0mg/L, 0.01 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L, and 0.25 mg/L, respectively. Males with normal adult female rats were co-caged by 1：2 after 12 weeks. After the females became pregnant, males were killed and the testicles were collected. Sperm abnormality and blood and semen arsenic concentrations were determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Female rats were sacrificed at 20 days of pregnancy to observe female mating conception, fertilized egg implantation number, number of live births, stillbirth number, number of births, and embryo growth and development. Results Body weight in 0.01 mg/L, 0.25 mg/L, 0.05 mg/L and control group were （ 347.6 ± 18.7 ） g, （ 308.3 ± 19.2 ） g, （ 301.4 ± 17.4） g, and （ 315.7 ±17.7 ） g, respectively. Body weight in 0.25 mg/L group was increased while body weight in 0.05 mg/L group was decreased significantly compared with the control group. Sperm counts in four groups were （9.7 ±0.8） 106/ml, （5.5 ±0.5） 106/ml, （4.3 ±0.4） ± 106/ml, and （ 9.3 ± 0.9 ） × 10^6/ml, respectively, and live sperm rates were （65.4 ± 7.2） %, （41.3 ± 6.9 ） %, （37.9 ±4.6） % , and （63.8 ±8.2） %, respectively. The parameters in 0.05 mg/L and 0.25 mg/L groups were significantly lower compared with the control group. Sperm abnormality rate in four groups were （ 9.1 ±4.4） %, （ 14.0 ±3.9） %, （21.4 ± 5.9） %, and （9.3 ± 2.5 ） %, respectively, and rates of stillbirths/absorption of fetal incidence were 1.7 %, 5.0 %, 7.3 % , and 0.8 %, respectively. The rates of 0.05 mg,/L and 0.25 mg/L groups were significantly higher compared with the control group. Conclusion Arsenite may have no apparent toxic effects on reproductive function in rats at the dose of 0.01 mg/L; sodium arsenite may produce moderate reproductive toxicity and developmental toxicity to male rats at and over the dose of 0.05 mg/L.