发达国家既有集合住宅再生理论综述

Overview of Representative Theories on the Sustainable Renovation of Existing Collective Housing in the Developed Countries

20世纪70年代,二战后困扰发达国家的居住问题已基本得到解决。人们开始反思大规模工业化住宅建设模式,并思考居住环境个性化和品质提升这一新课题。在多样化、解体和不确定的"成熟期"新社会文化背景下,各种建筑与规划设计理论不断涌现,可持续建筑思想逐渐被社会所接受。其中对既有集合住宅再生实践影响较大的理论,如开放建筑/住宅理论、协作式规划设计理论、再生构法理论等得以发展,这些理论和方法对集合住宅的可持续再生产生了积极、广泛的影响。针对这些理论进行了归纳和总结。

In the 1970s, with the settlement of housing problems that puzzled the developed countries after World War II, people began to reflect on the mode of large-scale industrialized construction as well as the new subject of individuality and quality improvement in housing environment. In the new diversified, fragmented and uncertain social cultural surrounding of ＂mature period＂ , various architecture and planning and design theories emerged. The thought of sustainable architecture was increasingly accepted by the society, in which collaborative planning theory, open residential building theory, and renovation construction method theory were developed in practice. These theories have had an extensive and profound impact on the practice of sustainable renovation of existing collective housing, which are summarized in this paper.