施肥和水分调亏对冬小麦生长和产量的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Treatments and Water Regulated Deficit on Growth and Yield Stability of Winter Wheat

通过盆栽试验对不同施肥处理条件下冬小麦水分调亏效应进行了研究。设置3个施肥处理:不施肥(F0)、施复合肥(F1)和复合肥+有机肥配施(F2);2个水分处理:充分供水(W:75%FC)和水分调亏(D:50%FC～55%FC)。研究表明,在孕穗期,相同施肥条件下,调亏处理冬小麦的叶面积、株高和叶绿素均显著小于未调亏处理。到花期时,各水分调亏处理的叶绿素量与未调亏没有显著差别。F2处理的水分调亏小麦的叶面积和株高与未调亏小麦没有显著差别;F0和F1处理的水分调亏小麦的叶面积和株高均显著小于相应未调亏处理小麦。在拔节期,F0处理的水分调亏小麦的光合速率显著低于未调亏处理;F1和F2处理的水分调亏小麦的光合速率与未调亏处理没有显著差异。但复水后,到抽穗期,F2处理的水分调亏小麦的光合速率显著高于未调亏处理,表现超补偿效应。但F0和F1处理的水分调亏小麦的光合速率和未调亏小麦相比没有显著区别。抽穗后在充分供水条件下,F0和F1处理的小麦,返青-拔节期水分调亏对产量有显著负效应。F2的调亏处理小麦的产量没有受到影响;在干旱条件下,F0和F1处理的小麦,返青-拔节期水分调亏对产量没有影响,但F2处理的水分调亏小麦的产量显著高于未调亏处理的小麦。在相同施肥条件下,水分调亏处理小麦的稳产性均高于未调亏处理小麦。在各调亏处理中,F2处理小麦的稳产性最高,F1处理小麦次之,F0处理小麦的稳产性最低。

A pot experiment was conducted to study effects of different fertilization treatments on water regulated deficit effect of winter wheat.Plants were subjected to 3 different fertilization treatments： no fertilizer（F0）,compound fertilizer（F1）and Organic fertilizer＋compound fertilizer（F2）;and 2 different water treatments： well-water treatment（W： 75%FC） and water regulated deficit treatment at returning green-jointing stage（D： 50%FC^55%FC）.The results showed that leaf area,plant highs and chlorophyll content of water regulated deficit treatments were lower compared to those of well-water treatments at booting stage under the same fertilization treatment.At anthesis,there were no significant difference on chlorophyll content between water regulated deficit and well-water treatments;there were no significant differences on leaf area and plant height between water regulated deficit and well-water treatments under F2 condition;water regulated deficit treatments had lower leaf area and plant height under F0 and F1 conditions.At jointing stage,photosynthesis of water regulated deficit treatments was lower than well-water treatments under F0 condition;under F1 and F2 conditions,there were no significant difference on photosynthesis between water regulated deficit and well-water treatments.At heading stage,water regulated deficit treatments had higher photosynthesis compared to well-water treatments under F2 condition,which suggested that there were super-compensation effect on photosynthesis under F2 condition after rewatering;but photosynthesis of water regulated deficit treatments was similar to well-water treatments under F0 and F1 conditions.Under well-water condition after heading stage,grain yield of water deficit treatment was significantly lower compared to well-water treatments under F1 and F0 condition;but water deficit treatments had no effect on grain yield under F2 condition.Under soil drought condition after heading,water regulated deficit treatment had no effect on grain yield under F0 and F1 condition;but water regulated deficit treatment improved grain yield under F2 condition.Under the same fertilization,water regulated deficit treatment improved the yield stability of wheat.Among water deficit treatments,the yield stability of wheat was the highest for F2 treatment,followed by F1 treatment,the yield stability of wheat was the lowest for F0 treatment.