后《联合国海洋法公约》时期国际渔业资源法律制度存在问题及应对机制研究

The Problems and Response about International Protection Laws of Fishery Resource after the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea

后《联合国海洋法公约》(UNCLOS)时期国际海洋渔业资源法律体系由以下几个方面构成:UNCLOS确立了国际海洋渔业资源养护的基本法律框架;全球性和区域性渔业公约为资源的养护和利用提供了具体法律保障;区域渔业组织是实施国际渔业资源法的中坚力量。这一时期国际海洋渔业法律制度存在的主要问题有:资源属性与现行渔业制度安排存在冲突;渔业组织的法律地位有待强化;公海配额分配机制有待完善,等等。应对之策:发挥联合国粮农组织的统一协调作用,采取多主体合作治理模式;协调好国际组织和国内机构的运作机制;建立以义务履行的多少来称量权利的获取多少的配额分配标准;加强公海渔业监管力度,推广监测系统监控设备、实施公海联合执法机制,打击非法、不报告、不管制的捕鱼行为。

After the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, international marine fisheries resources legal system has the following characteristics： UNCLOS established a basic legal framework of the international ocean conservation of fishery resources; global and regional fisheries conventions provide specific legal protection for the conservation of resources should; regional fisheries organizations are the backbone of the implementation of international fishery resources law. Problems in the system： resource properties and the organization of the system of the existing conflict： international law limited the role of fisheries organizations; the high seas quota allocation mechanism needs to be improved, and so on. Countermeasures： playing the harmonization of the role of FA0, taking the multi-agent cooperative governance model; the coordination of the operating mechanism of international organizations and national institutions; establishing quota allocation criteria how much to weigh rights to the performance of the obligation to obtain the number; strengthening high-seas fisheries supervision, promotion of VMS monitoring equipment, implementation of the high seas joint enforcement mechanism, combat IUU fishing.