从化地区哮喘患儿变应原皮肤点刺试验的临床研究

Clinical research of allergen skin prick test in Conghua children with asthma

【目的】了解从化地区支气管哮喘发病相关的主要致敏变应原及其特点,指导选择特异性免疫治疗对象。【方法】对382例支气管哮喘缓解期患儿,用德国默克公司生产的阿罗格食入组及吸入组点刺试剂进行皮肤点刺试验,组胺液为阳性对照,生理盐水为阴性对照。【结果】哮喘患儿皮肤点刺试验阳性率为88.5%。吸入变应原总阳性率为81.2%,吸入变应原中以粉尘螨和屋尘螨阳性率居高,分别为77.2%和71.2%;食入变应原总阳性率为32.7%,居前两位的为小虾19.9%,花生6.3%。在吸入变应原中高龄组与低龄组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),食入变应原中高龄组与低龄组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。哮喘或哮喘并鼻炎患儿均以螨类过敏最常见,两组间螨类、霉菌类、动物皮毛类、蟑螂及杂草变应原阳性率差异均无统计学意义。【结论】从化地区支气管哮喘患儿发病相关的吸入变应原主要是粉尘螨、屋尘螨,食入变应原主要是小虾、花生。3～14岁儿童哮喘患儿随着年龄增长,对吸入性变应原更为敏感。哮喘与哮喘并鼻炎患者共同的变应原主要是螨类,其次为霉菌类、动物皮毛类,为哮喘的防治提供了指导作用。

[Objective] To learn from the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma in urbanized areas of major allergens and their characteristics,and to guide the selection of specific immunotherapy target. [Method] 382 cases of bronchial asthma in children in remission were given skin prick test,with Germany＇s Merck Group A Luoge ingestion and inhalation group rea- gents,histamine solution as a positive control,normal saline as a negative control. [Results] Asthma,skin prick test posi- tive children was 88.5%. Inhaled allergens positive rate of 81.2% ,inhaled allergens to dust mites and house dust mite-posi- tive rate in the high, respectively 77.2% and 71.2%;ingestion of allergens positive rate of 32.7%, ranking the first two 19.9 % for shrimp, peanuts, 6.3 %. Inhaled allergens in the older and younger age group, difference was statistically significant （P〈0.05） ,ingestion of allergens in the older and younger age group, difference was not statistically significant （P〉 0.05）. Asthma or asthma and allergic rhinitis in children were the most common mites between the two groups differences between mites, mold, animal fur class, cockroaches and weeds allergens positive rate were not statistically significant. [Conclusions] Conghua region pathogenesis of bronchial asthma inhaled allergens are mainly dust mites,house dust mites, food allergens are mainly into the shrimp, peanuts. Children aged 3 to 14 increased with age in children with asthma, inhaled allergens are more sensitive of common allergens are asthma patients with asthma and rhinitis mainly mites, Followed by mold type, animal fur class, asthma guide provides for the prevention and treatment.