论人民代表人身特权的法律保护

On the Legal Protection of Personal Privilege of the Representatives of the People

为了保证代表或议员更好地履行宪法和法律职责,同时也为了保证由代表或议员组成的代表机关或代议机构能够正常地依法履行国家权力机关的职责,必须要对代表或议员的人身自由给予特殊保护。这种特殊保护的制度目的不是要赋予代表或议员超越于一般公民之上的不平等的特权,而是为了要保证由代表或议员组成的国家权力机关或立法机关能够有效地行使国家权力。因此,在法律制度上必须赋予代表或议员以一定的人身特权,但是,为了防止代表或议员滥用这种权利,各个国家在代表或议员人身特权制度方面都确立了比较严格的规范制度,一是司法机关限制代表或议员的人身自由必须经过代表机关或代议机构的许可,这可以视为代表机关或代议机构自身相对于司法机关的防御权;二是对于并不会实质影响到代表机关或代议机构履行宪法和法律职责的代表或议员的人身特权加以必要的限制,以防止代表或议员滥用这种人身特权来谋取特权和私利。结合我国现行宪法、组织法和代表法的规定,探讨我国各级人民代表大会人民代表依法享有人身特权的条件、内容、程序以及法律限制,旨在针对实践中存在的各种侵犯代表人身特权的行为以及代表滥用人身特权的行为提出相关的解决问题的对策和建议。

In order to ensure that the representatives or Members can better perform the constitutional and legal duties, and also in order to ensure that the representative organs or representative bodies composed of repre-sentatives or Members can properly perform the duties of the organs of state power in accordance with the law, the personal freedom of representatives or Members shall be given special protection. The purpose of this spe- cial protection system is not to give the representatives or Members unequal privilege beyond the average citi- zen, but to ensure that the organs of state power or legislature composed of representatives or Members can ef- fectively perform the state power. Therefore, the legal system shall give certain personal privilege to the repre- sentatives or Members;however, in order to prevent the representatives or Members from abusing these rights, each country establishes a rather strict standardized system on the personal privilege system of the representa- tives or Members. Firstly, without the permission of the representative organs or representative bodies the judi- cial organs can＇ t restrict the personal freedom of the representatives or Members, which can be regarded as the defense rights of the representative organs or representative bodies against the judicial organs. Secondly, give necessary restriction to the personal privileges of representatives or Members which will not substantially affect the representative organs or representative bodies to perform constitutional and legal duties, the purpose of which is to prevent the representatives or Members from seeking privileges and self-interest by abusing these personal rights. According to the provisions of China＇ s current Constitutional Law, Organic Law, and Repre- sentation Law, discuss the conditions ,contents, procedures ,and legal restrictions of the personal privileges en- joyed by the representatives of the People＇ s Congress at various levels, the aim of which is to put forward some related countermeasures and suggestions to the existing acts that in practice the personal privileges of the representatives are infringed and the personal privileges are abused by the representatives.